Prepovedana trgovina s snovmi, ki tanjšajo ozonski plašč

diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varnost in policijsko delo

Andrej Dover (Avtor), Katja Eman (Mentor)

Povzetek

V diplomski nalogi z naslovom Prepovedana trgovina s snovmi, ki tanjšajo ozonski plašč bi rad predstavil ilegalno trgovanje z nevarnimi odpadki (klorofluoroogljikovodiki, haloni), ki uničuje našo ozonsko plast in ki je eno izmed izhodišč na področju ekološke kriminalitete. Problem, ki sem ga med pripravo naloge zasledil, je še vedno prevelik obseg illegalnega trgovanja z ozonu škodljivimi snovmi, čeprav bi ta v zadnjih letih moral upadati. Velika nevarnost preži tudi na države v razvoju (odlaganje odpadkov), in sicer zaradi uničevanja njihovega okolja ter na ljudi, ki zbolevajo zaradi odlaganja nevarnih odpadkov. Čeprav je veliko govora o tanjšanju ozonske plasti, države in organizacije, ki se borijo proti organiziranem kriminalu (trgovanje nevarnih odpadkov), še vedno premalo naredijo za izboljšanje položaja za preprečevanje nazakonitega trgovanja in odlaganja nevarnih odpadkov. Kljub vsem predpisom, protokolom in konvencijam trgovanje še vedno raste, čeprav bi se moralo počasi ustaviti. Z opisom konvencij in protolov bi rad pojasnil, kako se države in organizacije borijo proti odlaganju nevarnih odpadkov in z definicijo uredb, kakšne so obveznosti članic (konvencij in protokolov) ter kazni za storilce, ki ne spoštujejo zakonov. Ugotovitve v diplomski nalogi prikazujejo, da je še preveliko dejavnikov, ki otežujejo delo organizacijam in državam, ki se borijo proti ilegalnemu odlaganju odpadkov. Zakonski akti imajo pomanjkljivosti, v katerih storilci vidijo priložnost za nezakonito delovanje. Kazni in sankcije, ki so predpisane za storilce, so manjše in milejše kot njihovi dobički, če sploh pride do kaznovanja. Za začetek bi bilo potrebno izboljšati medcarinsko in mednarodno sodelovanje z izmenjavo informacij glede uvoza in izvoza odpadkov ter informacije o tovoru. Delovanje inšpekcij se mora povečati v industrijskih državah kakor tudi v državah v razvoju, kajti s tem bi kasneje olajšali delo na carini. Države bi se morale združiti in poenotiti, ter z različnimi projekti in strožjimi zakoni ustaviti ilegalno trgovanje po svetu.

Ključne besede

ekološka kriminaliteta;ozonski plašč;ogrožanje;nevarne snovi;nevarni odpadki;preprečevanje;konvencije;uredbe;diplomske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2015
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[A. Dover]
UDK:	343.3/.7:504(043.2)
COBISS:	2932458
Št. ogledov:	869
Št. prenosov:	124
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni povzetek:	In this thesis entitled Illegal track of ozone depleting substances would like to introduce illegal trade in hazardous waste (chlorofluorocarbons, halons), which destroys our ozone layer and is one of the positions in the field of environmental crime. The problem that I spotted during preparation tasks, it is still too broad a scope illegalnega trade in ozone-depleting substances, although in recent years this had to decline. Big danger lurks on developing countries (waste disposal), due to the destruction of their environment and to people who become ill due to the disposal of hazardous waste. Although a lot of talk about the depletion of the ozone layer, countries and organizations that fight against organized crime (trafficking of hazardous waste), there is still too little effort is made to improve the situation for prevention the illegal trafficking and disposal of hazardous waste. Despite all the regulations, protocols and conventions trade is still growing, though it should slowly stop. The description of the conventions and protocols I would like to explain how countries and organizations fighting against disposal of hazardous waste and with the definition of regulations, what are the obligations of members (conventions and protocols), and the penalties for offenders who fail to comply with the law. The findings in this thesis show that there is still too much factors that complicate the work of organizations and countries fighting against illegal disposal of waste. Statutory acts have shortcomings, in which the perpetrators see the opportunity for illegal activity. Fines and penalties prescribed for offenders are smaller and milder than their profits, if any, comes to punishment. For starters it would be necessary to improve work between customs and international cooperation through the exchange of information relating to the import and export of waste and cargo information. The operation of the inspections must be increased in industrialized countries as well as in developing countries, because it would then facilitate the work of the customs. Countries should unite and unify, and through various projects and tougher laws to stop the illegal trade in the world.
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	62 str.
ID:	8731437