Javno izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij v novem veku

diplomsko delo

Tamara Lugarič (Avtor), Borut Holcman (Mentor)

Povzetek

Obdobje novega veka predstavlja zaradi svoje krutosti, grozljivosti, predvsem pa zaradi razmaha čarovniških procesov najbolj kruto obdobje, ki je pustilo v evropski zgodovini velik madež. Kljub vsej krutosti se moramo zavedati miselnosti takratne družbe in njene razvitosti, saj je bil ravno to eden izmed glavnih razlogov za vsa grozodejstva, ki so se dogajala. Če si ljudje niso znali razložiti že nekaterih osnovnih naravnih pojavov in so verjeli v magijo in razna bitja, za katera nam je danes jasno, da ne obstajajo, potem takratne družbe vsaj zaradi verovanja v čarovnice ne bi smeli obsojati. Drugače je seveda, če se osredotočimo na kazni, zagrožene za različna dejanja, in na torturo. Oblast je želela s takšnimi kaznimi predvsem preprečiti nadaljnja kazniva dejanja in med ljudi zasejati strah, zato so se kazni izvrševale javno. Tudi razglasitev sodbe je bila javna. A kljub mučenju in kaznim, pri katerih so ljudje trpeli neverjetne bolečine, so se kazniva dejanja še vedno dogajala. Današnja družba se ne osredotoča več na zastraševanje ljudi z visokimi in krutimi kaznimi, ampak se posveča predvsem pravičnim kaznim, ki naj bi bile sorazmerne kaznivemu dejanju ter resocializaciji zločinca. V povezavi z zastraševanjem v literaturi naletimo na Cookovo tezo, ki pravi, da zastraševanje civilizira mnoge državljane in da bi se pojavilo ogromno zločinskih dejanj, če bi iz kazenskega prava umaknili kazenske sankcije. V novem veku, ko ljudstvo še ni bilo tako izobraženo, je bilo zločinca pač najlažje za vedno odstraniti in tako opozoriti ljudi na posledice, ki jih lahko doletijo. To bi bilo za današnjo družbo, sploh zaradi kakšnega manjšega zločina, kot se je dogajalo v takratnem obdobju, nesprejemljivo. V zaključku svoje diplomske naloge bom na kratko pojasnila predvsem razloge, zakaj menim, da bi kljub razvitosti današnje družbe za nekatere zločine vseeno morala biti zagrožena smrtna kazen. V današnjem času se smrtna kazen v evropskih državah ne izvaja več; proti njej se bojujejo organizacije za človekove pravice, Svet Evrope itd. Sama se v tem primeru postavim na Primorčevo stališče . Menim, da je pravica dosežena le v primeru, če obstoji sorazmerje med storjenim kaznivim dejanjem in kaznijo. Sodne zmote, ki jih radi navajajo nasprotniki smrtnih kazni, in so v primeru usmrtitve nepopravljive, ne bi smele biti argument proti smrtni kazni, ampak argument za natančnejši kazenski postopek. V novem veku so bila izvajanja mučenj in kazni za nekatere zločine seveda pretirana, v današnjem sistemu pa so kazni za nekatere zločine občutno preblage. Kljub krutosti takratnega sistema pa so se kazniva dejanja še vedno izvrševala, tako kot se še vedno izvršujejo v današnjem času in se bodo izvrševala še naprej, vse dokler bo obstajal človek.

Ključne besede

sramotilni stebri;čarovniški procesi;kazenske sankcije;novi vek;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2009
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[T. Lugarič]
UDK:	343.24/.29:940.2(043.2)
COBISS:	4014123
Št. ogledov:	2638
Št. prenosov:	260
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT OF CRIMINAL SANCTIONS IN THE NEW AGES
Sekundarni povzetek:	Because of their cruelty, dreadfulness and above all because of the witch trials the early modern ages represent the most atrocious period that left deep and unpleasant traces in the European history. Despite all the cruelty we have to be aware of the society’s mentality of that time, because it was one of the main reasons for all those atrocities that took place. If basic natural phenomena were beyond explanation and people believed in magic and fabulous creatures, we should not condemn the then society for believing in witchcraft. But if our focus is directed on the punishments and torture we can pass a different judgement. The authorities and jurisdiction wanted these measures to be intimidating and tremendous to prevent further criminal acts. The verdicts and the consecutive punishments were publicly executed to terrify the spectators, but in spite of the torture and torments of the condemned criminal, the felonies did not stop. Our postmodern society does not intimidate their individuals with cruel punishments but has its focus on just punishments, which should be in proportion with the performed criminal act and the re-socialisation of the criminal. In the references we come across Cook’s thesis, in which is said that intimidation is a way of civilizing several citizens and if criminal-law sanctions were withdrawn from the criminal law, numerous crime acts would be the result of it. In the early new ages the population was not as educated and cultivated as today, so measures that are not to be imagined nowadays were applied to warn the people about what could happen to them as a consequence for a criminal act. Such measures are unacceptable and inadmissible for today’s society. In the conclusion of the thesis the author would like to briefly explain why in her point of view and despite the educational and cultural development of our postmodern society the capital punishment should still be implemented in some rare cases of criminal acts. Nowadays the capital punishment is no longer a possible verdict in European countries; various human rights organisations, e.g. the Council of Europe, are fighting for the abolition of the death penal worldwide. In the author’s opinion justice is only reached, when there is a proportion between the committed crime and the punishment (Primorc,). Miscarriages of justice, often cited by the opponents of the death penal and incorrigible if true, should not be the main argument when it comes to the abolition of the capital punishment, but only the main argument for more precise criminal proceedings. In the early modern ages the executed tortures and punishments were certainly exaggerated, however, in the present legal system the punishments for some criminal acts are considerable too mild. Despite the cruel system of that time criminal acts still were accomplished as they still are today and as they will be in the future until mankind will exist.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	witch trials;public executions;torture;torturing devices;pillory;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fakulteta
Strani:	86 f.
ID:	8761668