diplomsko delo
Katja Andrinek (Avtor), Rajko Knez (Mentor), Miha Šošić (Komentor)

Povzetek

Varstvo okolja je vse bolj popularna in pereča tema v medijih, politiki in civilni družbi. Mnogi bi se strinjali s trditvijo, da imajo Slovenci danes mnogo bolj okrepljeno ekocentrično zavest kot pred leti. Pa vendar, koliko Slovencev, po sprehodu v gozdu, ko naleti na divje odlagališče, poda ovadbo kaznivega dejanja obremenjevanja in uničevanja okolja? Koliko Slovencev, ki gredo vsak dan mimo sosedovega psa, za katerega vedo, da je skoraj vse življenje pripet na verigi in več dni brez pitne vode, poda ovadbo kaznivega dejanja mučenja živali? Takih Slovencev je malo. In to potrjujejo statistike o številu podanih ovadb kaznivih dejanj zoper okolje, prostor in naravne dobrine. V primerjavi z ovadbami vseh kaznivih dejanj, je letno tovrstnih ovadb podanih le okoli 0,5 odstotka. Analiza kaže, da je dejanske kriminalitete mnogo več, torej je problem v zatiskanju oči očividcev, ki se ne odločijo za prijavo. Pa vendar v okoljski kriminaliteti vendar le ni vse tako črno. Namreč, ko je enkrat ovadba podana, obstaja velika verjetnost, da bo dobila sodni epilog. Statistika vloženih obtožb kaže, da so državni tožilci v predkazenskem postopku uspešni, saj dobro polovico primerov ovadb privedejo do vložitve obtožbe. Tudi v nadaljnjem, sodnem postopku se iz odstotka obsodb v primerjavi z obtožbami, kaže njihova učinkovitost, saj ta, po letu 2010, presega 60 odstotkov in še vedno raste. Državni tožilci kažejo svojo aktivnost tudi v vlaganju pritožb, saj statistika kaže, da se pritožijo ob skoraj vsaki oprostilni sodbi. Za visoko število obsodilnih sodb pa niso zaslužni le tožilci, ampak tudi sodstvo, saj je slednje tisto, ki na koncu odloči, ali bo sodba obsodilna ali zavrnilna. Iz izdajanja vse več obsodilnih sodb, z vse večjimi kaznimi, ki zadnja leta niso le denarne, ampak tudi zaporne, je mogoče sodstvu priznati vse večjo kritičnost do okoljske kriminalitete. Poleg ovaditeljev, državnih tožilcev in sodstva, pa imajo svojo vlogo tudi mediji, ki s šokantno predstavitvijo tovrstnih kaznivih dejanj, dosežejo ogorčenje splošne javnosti, in imajo tako funkcijo zastraševanja in s tem prevencijski učinek za potencialne storilce. Sklepna ugotovitev je torej, da državni tožilci in sodstvo delajo dobro. Morda bi lahko bili še bolj učinkoviti ob ustreznejši zakonodaji, saj je obstoječi, mogoče očitati pretirano blanketnost kazenskopravnih norm, težko določljivo terminologijo ter razdrobljenost in številčnost zakonskih in podzakonskih okoljevarstvenih določb. Iz uvodnih vprašanj, je mogoče razbrati namig na največji problem okoljske kriminalitete, to je podajanje ovadb. S še večjo angažiranostjo in ozaveščanjem slovenske javnosti je potrebno doseči tako stopnjo ekocentrične zavesti Slovencev, da ovadba okoljske kriminalitete ne bo več vprašanje, ampak pravilo.

Ključne besede

pravo varstva okolja;kazenskopravno varstvo okolja;kazniva dejanja zoper okolje;ekocentrizem;nevestna veterinarska pomoč;onesnaževanje okolja;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik: [K. Andrinek]
UDK: 349:343(043.2)
COBISS: 4934955 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 1630
Št. prenosov: 322
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
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Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: CASE LAW ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL ACTS AGAINST THE ENVIRONMENT, SPACE AND NATURAL RESOURCES IN SLOVENIA
Sekundarni povzetek: Protection of the environment has become increasingly popular and serious theme in the media, politics and civil society. Many would agree with the claim that the ecocentric consciousness of the Slovenes has strengthened over the years. Nevertheless, how many Slovenes coming across an illegal waste dump while taking a stroll through the forest, report a criminal offence of harming and destroying of the environment to the authorities? How many do report a criminal offence of animal cruelty after seeing a neighbour’s dog restrained on a chain knowing that the animal has been without water for days? There are few. Statistics on the number of reported criminal offences against the environment, space and natural resources are an indicator of that. In comparison with the number of all reported criminal offences, only 0.5 percent of those that breach environmental legislation are reported annually. Analysis thus indicates additional actual criminality which is the result of closing one’s eyes to the truth and not reporting the offences. However, everything nevertheless is not negative in environmental criminality. Once offences are reported there is a high likelihood that they will get court epilogue. Statistics of reported offences indicate that public prosecutors are successful in pre-trial procedures, as up to a half of filed criminal complaints lead to filing an allegation. Their efficiency is also shown in further judicial proceedings, where the percent of allegations in comparison with the complaints surpassed 60 percent in 2010, and is still growing. The activity of public prosecutors can also be seen in filing the complaints; according to statistics there is one filed for every acquittal. However, prosecutors alone cannot take the credit for the high number of guilty verdicts; it cannot be done without the judiciary. The final decision if the verdict will be guilty or rejective is theirs. Predominance of guilty verdicts with higher sentences, including not only penalties but since recent times also imprisonment, speaks of seriousness of the judiciary concerning the environmental criminality. Besides the complainants, public prosecutors and the judiciary, the media plays the important part with its shocking presentation of this kind of offences. Display of the latter often causes a public outrage, and consequently, the media plays the role of the intimidator and can prevent future offences. In conclusion, the public prosecutors and the judiciary work well. Greater efficiency could be achieved with more suitable legislation. The current one can be criticized for its blankness of criminal law norms, difficult to determine terminology, partition and numerousness of legal and implementing environmental provisions. The major problem of environmental criminality can be discerned from the introductory questions: reporting criminal offences. With even greater engagement and awareness the ecocentric awareness of the Slovenes must be strengthened to the degree that reporting criminal offences against the environment will no longer be a matter of question but a rule.
Sekundarne ključne besede: criminal environmental law;environmental crime;ecocentrism;harming and the destruction of the environment;pollution of the sea and waters with vessels;illegal shipment or disposal of hazardous waste;unlawful emissions to the water;pollution of comestible products and stern;unlawful occupation of property;destruction of plantation with harmful substance;deforestation;animal cruelty;illegal hunting;illegal fishing;unlawful trade in endangered species;manufacturing harmful medicament for animals;negligent veterinary assistance;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani: 48 f.
ID: 8772967