Matere z motnjami v duševnem razvoju

magistrsko delo

Sandra Kolarič (Avtor), Daniela Bratković (Mentor)

Povzetek

S pregledom tuje literature in že opravljenih raziskav v tujini smo v teoretičnem delu magistrske naloge zajeli značilnosti mater z motnjami v duševnem razvoju, dejavnike, ki vplivajo na uspešnost opravljanja materinske vloge, ter pravice oseb z motnjami v duševnem razvoju do starševstva, v povezavi z zakonodajo na slovenskem. Navedli smo vzroke za omejevanje reprodukcije pri ženskah z motnjami v duševnem razvoju in problematiko odvzema skrbništva materam z motnjami v duševnem razvoju nad otroci. Vključili smo vire in oblike formalne ter neformalne podpore, ki jo matere z motnjami v duševnem razvoju potrebujejo, oziroma si je želijo, ter njen pomen pri opravljanju materinske vloge. V sklopu empiričnega dela naloge smo v kvalitativno raziskavo vključili pet mater z motnjami v duševnem razvoju različne starosti, ki imajo izkušnjo z rojstvom otroka in s starševstvom, po eno osebo iz materinega ožjega družinskega ali prijateljskega kroga ter po eno strokovno delavko, ki z materjo sodeluje ali je sodelovala v preteklosti. Zanimalo nas je, kako matere z motnjami v duševnem razvoju doživljajo materinsko vlogo, kakšne podpore so bile matere deležne od zanositve naprej, kako ocenjujejo to podporo, kako različni deležniki ocenjujejo uspešnost mater pri opravljanju materinske vloge, kako različni deležniki ocenjujejo formalno in neformalno podporo, ki so je matere z motnjami v duševnem razvoju deležne, in kakšne razlike se med temi materami pojavljajo v načrtovanju nosečnosti, uspešnosti opravljanja materinske vloge in v podpori glede na stopnjo motnje, starost in življenjske okoliščine. Zaključimo lahko, da vse matere materinstvo povezujejo s pozitivnimi čustvi, nekatere hkrati tudi z odgovornostjo in s skrbjo, ki je povezana z zadovoljevanjem življenjskih potreb otrok. Vse so s formalno podporo, ki so je bile skozi ta čas deležne, zadovoljne. Nekatere matere z motnjami v duševnem razvoju po mnenju strokovnih delavk in posameznikov iz ožjega družinskega ali prijateljskega kroga ne bi bile sposobne samostojnega materinstva, saj so preveč odvisne od intenzivne podpore družinskih članov in podporo potrebujejo že pri lastnem funkcioniranju. Po njihovem mnenju bi brez podpore to vlogo zmogla le ena mati iz vzorca. Posamezniki iz ožjega družinskega ali prijateljskega kroga so na splošno zadovoljni s podporo, ki je bila materi nudena s strani formalnih virov. Pri neformalni podpori določene matere izpostavljajo pomanjkanje podpore s strani enega od članov družine ali ljudi iz prijateljskega kroga. Strokovne delavke so mnenja, da imata dve materi iz vzorca zelo intenzivno podporo s strani staršev ter dve materi premalo podpore s strani partnerja. Matere so bile v obdobju od zanositve naprej s strani formalnih virov podpore deležne v obliki izobraževanja v materinski šoli, poučevanja praktičnih veščin v porodnišnici in s strani patronažne sestre. Prav tako so bile deležne nasvetov, usmerjanja, iskanja dodatnih virov pomoči in reševanja težav v partnerskem odnosu s strani socialnih delavk ter psihologinj. Neformalno podporo jim v največji meri nudijo partnerji, starši, sorojenci in prijateljice s pomočjo pri skrbi ter vzgoji otroka, opravljanju gospodinjskih opravil, prevozu, prav tako pa so jim na voljo za nasvete, usmerjanje, čustveno podporo ter poučevanje praktičnih veščin. Po lastnem mnenju, mnenju strokovnih delavk in članov iz ožjega družinskega ali prijateljskega kroga bi matere več podpore potrebovale v obliki informacij o poteku nosečnosti ter poroda; zaželeno bi bilo izvajanje materinske šole, prilagojene učnim potrebam matere, in podpora v obliki pomoči otrokom pri šolskih obveznostih. Med povzetimi analiziranimi podatki je mogoče najti povezavo med načrtovanjem nosečnosti in bivanjem s partnerjem, stopnjo MDR, pridruženih motenj in večjimi zdravstvenimi težavami na uspešnost izvajanja materinske vloge pri materah z MDR, med intenziteto podpore in bivanjem s starši ter časovnim obdobjem, v katerem so matere rodile svoje otroke, ter podporo, prejeto s strani njihovih staršev.

Ključne besede

podpora;pravice;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2015
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik:	[S. Kolarič]
UDK:	616.899:347.63-055.2(043.2)
COBISS:	10617161
Št. ogledov:	1238
Št. prenosov:	158
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Mothers with intellectual disabilities
Sekundarni povzetek:	For the theoretical part of this master's thesis foreign literature and finished foreign researches were studied. In this part of the thesis the characteristics of mothers with intellectual disabilities; factors, which influence the success of carrying out their mother role; and the rights of people with intellectual disabilities as parents, all based on Slovene legislation are included. We listed reasons for limiting reproduction for women with intellectual disabilities and issues concerning losing custody of their children. Included are sources and forms of formal and informal support, which mothers with intellectual disabilities need or want, and their mother role. The qualitative research for the empirical part of the thesis is based on five mothers with intellectual disabilities, who are of different age and have the experience of birthing and raising a child, one person from mother's family or friends' circle and one social worker who helps the mother now or has done so in the past. We were interested in different things: how mothers with intellectual disabilities deal with their mother role; what kind of support have these mothers received from their pregnancy onward; how do they evaluate this support; how different participants evaluate formal and informal support, that mothers with intellectual disabilities receive; and what kind of differences occur among these mothers in pregnancy planning, being successful mothers and received support regarding the level of disability, age and life circumstances. It can be concluded that all mothers connect their motherhood with positive feelings, some also with responsibility and care connected to fulfilling children's needs. All of them are satisfied with the received support. According to social workers and individuals from an inner family or friends' circle some of these mothers could not be independent mothers for even they themselves are too dependent on family support to function properly. According to them only one of these mothers could be a mother on her own. In general, individuals from an inner family or friends' circle are satisfied with the formal support given to the mother. In terms of informal support some of these individuals point to the lack of support from one of the family members or friends' circle. According to the social workers two of these mothers have strong parents' support and two of these mothers have low partner's support. These mothers have received formal support from their pregnancy onward in the form of antenatal classes, learning practical skills in the maternity hospital and from home care nurses. They also received advice and guidance, help with searching additional sources of help and solving problems with their partners from social workers and psychologists. They receive informal support from their partners, parents, siblings and friends in form of helping in child care and upbringing, doing housework, transportation and also in form of advice, guidance, moral support, and teaching practical skills. According to social workers, family, friends and mothers themselves, they should get more information about the pregnancy and labour in antenatal classes adjusted to mothers' learning skills. They should also get help with children's school work. Based on the analyzed data it is possible to find connection among pregnancy planning, living with a partner, the level of intellectual disability, other disabilities and health issues, intensity of support, living with parents, time period, in which they gave birth, and support received from their parents for mothers with intellectual disabilities to become successful mothers.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	mentally handicapped;mother;duševno prizadeti;mati;
Vrsta datoteke:	application/pdf
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. Ljubljana, Pedagoška fak.
Strani:	77 str., [47] str. pril.
ID:	8773610