diplomsko delo
Ana Druškovič (Avtor), Martina Repas (Mentor)

Povzetek

Individualno upravljanje avtorske ter sorodnih pravic je zaradi množičnosti ter številnih možnih oblik uporabe avtorskih del in predmetov sorodnih pravic v večini primerov težavno ali celo nemogoče. Zaradi tega je v preteklosti prišlo do združevanja imetnikov pravic v kolektivne organizacije. Naloga teh je, da zagotavljajo učinkovito upravljanje avtorske in sorodnih pravic v korist imetnikov pravic. Zaradi specifičnih značilnosti sistema kolektivnega upravljanja je delovanje kolektivnih organizacij podvrženo nadzoru po pravilih prava konkurence, tako na nacionalni kot na evropski ravni. Kolektivne organizacije namreč lahko pri svojem delovanju kršijo pravila prava konkurence glede preprečevanja, omejevanja ali izkrivljanja konkurence s sporazumi med podjetji, s sklepi podjetniških združenj in z usklajenimi ravnanji podjetij ter pravila glede zlorabe prevladujočega položaja. Na evropski ravni sta v okviru tega nadzora veliko število pomembnih odločitev izdala tako Komisija Evropskih skupnosti kot Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti. Iz teh odločitev izhaja, da so ukrepi kolektivnih organizacij, ki omejujejo konkurenco, dopustni, v kolikor zasledujejo legitimen cilj varovanja interesov članov posamezne kolektivne organizacije ter ne presegajo meja nujno potrebnega za dosego tega cilja. Na podlagi tehnološkega napredka ter z njim povezane možnosti nadzora nad uporabo varovanih vsebin na daljavo pa se meja nujno potrebnega za dosego omenjenega cilja spreminja. V Priporočilu Komisije z dne 18. oktobra 2005 o kolektivnem čezmejnem upravljanju avtorskih in sorodnih pravic za zakonite spletne glasbene storitve je Komisija Evropskih Skupnosti predstavila model konkurence, ki naj bi se uveljavil pri kolektivnem upravljanju na tem področju. Po tem modelu naj bi bili edino gibalo konkurence med kolektivnimi organizacijami imetniki pravic. Odpadla naj bi kontrahirna dolžnost kolektivnih organizacij nasproti imetnikom pravic. Prav tako naj bi odpadel sistem vzajemnih zastopniških sporazumov. Omenjeni model konkurence lahko vodi do tega, da bodo učinkovito varovani le interesi imetnikov pravic, katerih varovane vsebine so priljubljene pri širšem krogu javnosti. Posledica omenjenega modela je lahko tudi oteževanje dostopa do varovanih vsebin za uporabnike. Takšno stanje bi lahko vodilo do omejevanja kreativnosti in kulturne raznolikosti. Mnogi avtorji zato opozarjajo, da takšna konkurenčnopravno naravnana ureditev sistema kolektivnega upravljanja ni primerna rešitev. Namesto te predlagajo ohranitev mreže vzajemnih zastopniških sporazumov po vzoru Sporazuma IFPI Simulcasting.

Ključne besede

avtorsko pravo;kolektivne organizacije;avtorske pravice;intelektualna lastnina;pravo konkurence;monopoli;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik: [A. Druškovič]
UDK: 339.13:347.78(043.2)
COBISS: 3992363 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 2717
Št. prenosov: 222
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: COLLECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT AND NEIGHBOURING RIGHTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMPETITION LAW IN MUSIC
Sekundarni povzetek: Due to the mass and different possible forms of use of copyright protected works and objects of related rights the individual management of copyright and related rights in most cases is difficult or even impossible. This is why in the past rights owners united themselves in collective management societies. The task of collective management societies is to grant efficient management of copyright and related rights for the benefit of rights holders. On account of the specific characteristics of the system of collective rights management the activities of collective management societies are subjected to the examination on the basis of the competition law rules, on national as well as European level. Collective management societies can namely, within their activities, infringe the competition law rules regarding the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition through agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices and rules regarding the abuse of a dominant position. On the European level a number of important decisions have been issued in this framework by the Commission of the European Communities and the Court of Justice of the European Communities. Based on those decisions the measures taken by collective management societies, which restrict competition, are permissible provided that their legitimate objective is safeguarding the interests of their members and that they do not go beyond what is necessary for the attainment of this objective. The examination of the necessity of those measures is influenced by the technological progress and consequent ability to monitor the use of protected contents on distance. In the Commission Recommendation of 18 May 2005 on collective cross-border management of copyright and related rights for legitimate online music services the Commission of the European Communities introduced a model of competition, which should be put forward in this area of collective management. Under this model the competition between collective management societies should be based solely on the rights holders. The collective management society’s obligation to contract with rights holders should fall off. The net of reciprocal representation agreements should be abolished. The presented model of competition can therefore lead to the state, in which only the interests of the rights holders, whose protected contents are popular with the wide circle of public, would be protected. What is more, it could lead to hindrances to the access to protected contents by users. In the end the consequence could be the gradual limiting of creativity and cultural diversity. This is why many of the authors point to the fact that such competition-oriented regulation of the system of collective rights management is not an adequate solution. Instead they propose the preservation of the net of reciprocal representation agreements modelled after the IFPI Simulcasting Agreement.
Sekundarne ključne besede: copyright law;collective management societies;collective management;competition law;monopoly;prevention;restriction and distortion of competition;abuse of a dominant position;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fakulteta
Strani: 60 f.
ID: 8887529