diplomsko delo
Lea Pungartnik (Avtor), Suzana Kraljić (Mentor)

Povzetek

V diplomski nalogi je obravnavano področje dednega prava, natančneje institut razdedinjenja nujnega dediča. Da bi nam bile stvari bolj jasne, smo na začetku predstavili osnovne pojme v zvezi z dedovanjem. Opisali smo razlike med zakonitim in oporočnim dedovanjem, našteli dedne rede in osebe, ki jim Zakon o dedovanju daje pravico do dedovanja po nekem zapustniku. Navedli smo rešitev, ko nekdo, ki mu po samem zakonu dediščina pripada, ostane brez naklonitve. To je institut nujnega dedovanja. Ker pa se včasih zgodi, da so odnosi med zapustnikom in njegovimi zakonitimi dediči, za časa njegovega življenja tako slabi, da privedejo do pogostih prepirov, groženj, fizičnega nasilja ali celo do kaznivih dejanj proti zapustniku in njegovi družini, pa smo predstavili tudi institut razdedinjenja nujnega dediča. Ta je tudi osrednja tema diplomskega dela, zato smo mu namenili največ pozornosti in ga podrobneje preučili. Ugotovili smo, kako lahko do razdedinjenja sploh pride, iz katerih razlogov je razdedinjenje utemeljeno, kakšni so pogoji za njegovo veljavnost in kakšne so njegove posledice. Pogledali smo si razvoj in temelje omenjenega instituta v rimskem pravu in opazili, da se je tako kot celotno področje dednega prava, tudi ta razvijal iz leta v leto. Najprej je bila oporočna sposobnost zapustnika in s tem tudi možnost razdedinjenja dediča povsem neomejena, nato pa so se pogoji počasi zaostrovali. Za lažje razumevanje smo zapisali tudi kratko primerjavo med razdedinjenjem in dedno nevrednostjo, saj sta si ta dva instituta podobna in se v praksi mnogokrat zamenjujeta. Pri odvzemu ali zmanjšanju nujnega deleža, smo v sklopu potreb za diplomsko nalogo opisali tudi institut odvzema nujnega deleža v korist potomcev. Kot primerjavo smo pogledali tudi, kako je institut razdedinjenja obravnavan v drugih državah, pri čemer smo se osredotočili samo na Srbijo in Hrvaško. Srbska literatura nam je predstavljala nekaj težav, ker je vsa zapisana v cirilici, hrvaška literatura pa zato, ker je v Sloveniji ni veliko. Kljub vsemu smo našli nekaj knjig, iz katerih smo lahko razbrali, da je v teh državah preučevani institut podobno urejen kot pri nas. Da bi si lažje predstavljali, kako je z razdedinjenjem v praksi, smo preučili tudi nam dostopno sodno prakso s tega področja. Videli smo, da razdedinjenja v praksi ne prihaja prav pogosto in da so postopki za njegovo ugotovitev precej dolgotrajni. Morda je ravno to razlog, da se oporočitelji zanj ne odločijo velikokrat. Na koncu smo opisali še dva povsem življenjska primera in skušali ugotoviti, kako bi o njih odločilo sodišče, glede na preučeno teorijo in sodno prakso. V diplomskem delu smo tako želeli predstaviti možnost, ko se zapustnik iz nekih svojih razlogov odloči kaznovati njegovega zakonitega dediča. Ugotovili smo, da možnost za to sicer obstaja, a jo je v praksi zelo težko doseči. Lahko bi rekli, da je zakon v teh primerih bolj na strani dedičev in jih ščiti, četudi so v življenju delali napake, ki jim jih zapustnik ne more oprostiti.

Ključne besede

dedno pravo;dedovanje;zakonito dedovanje;oporočno dedovanje;nujno dedovanje;razdedinjenje;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik: [L. Pungartnik]
UDK: 347.65/.68(043.2)
COBISS: 5077291 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 2818
Št. prenosov: 461
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: DISINHERITING AN HEIR - ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY JURISPRUDENCE
Sekundarni povzetek: The thesis discusses the scope of inheritance law, specifically the institute of disinheriting the compulsory heir. To make things clear, we initially presented the basic concepts related to inheritance. We described the differences between the statutory and testamentary succession, listed the hereditary orders and persons to whom the law gives the right of inheritance by a testator. We indicated the solution in case when someone who is entitled to inheritance by law, remains without it. This is the institute of compulsory succession. However, it sometimes happens that the relationship between the deceased and his legal heirs is so bad, that it leads to frequent conflicts, threats, physical violence or even crimes against the testator and his family. Therefore, we also presented the institute of disinheriting the compulsory heir. This is also the main topic of the thesis, so we paid special attention to it and discussed it in detail. We found out how it comes to disinheritance, for what reasons is disinheritance justified, what the conditions for its validity are and what its consequences are. We looked at the development and the foundations of the mentioned Institute in Roman law and observed that, just like the entire field of inheritance law, this law also developed from year to year. At first, the testamentary capacity of the testator and consequently the possibility to disinherit the heir was totally unlimited, later on the conditions slowly tightened. For easier understanding, a brief comparison between disinheritance and hereditary unworthiness was written, since these two institutions are relatively similar. As part of the withdrawal or reduction of the reserved part, we described the institution of deprivation of a reserved share in favour of the descendants, but the matter is not discussed in detail. As a comparison, we also looked at how the Institute of disinheriting is dealt with in other countries, where we have focused only on Serbia and Croatia. We had some difficulties with Serbian literature, since it is all written in Cyrillic, whereas Croatian literature was hard to find in Slovenia. Nevertheless, we found some books from which we could make out that in these countries the mentioned institute is similarly arranged as in our country. To help you imagine the process of disinheritance in practice, we examined the accessible judicial practice from this field. We realised that disinheritance in practice does not occur very often and that the procedures for its finding are quite lengthy. Perhaps this is the reason why the testators do not often decide for it. Finally, we described two life examples and tried to figure out how the court would decide about them, according to the studied theory and judicial practice. In the thesis we wanted to introduce the possibility, when the deceased for some of his own reasons, decides to punish his legal heir. We found out that the possibility of it exists, but it is very difficult to achieve in practice. We could say that the law in these cases is more on the heirs’ side and protects them, even if they have made mistakes in life that the deceased cannot forgive.
Sekundarne ključne besede: Inheritance law;inheritance;statutory inheritance;testamentary inheritance;compulsory succession;disinheritance.;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani: 68 f. + [1] f. pril.
ID: 9127871