Pravica ali dolžnost staršev, da odločajo o cepljenju svojih otrok

magistrska naloga

Katja Lukšič (Avtor), Suzana Kraljić (Mentor), Tjaša Ivanc (Komentor)

Povzetek

Cepljenje je poleg preskrbe s pitno vodo in hrano ter poleg sanitacije okolja v boju proti nalezljivim boleznim za človeštvo prispevalo največ. Zahvaljujoč cepljenju sedaj mnogih nalezljivih bolezni, zaradi katerih so otroci in odrasli težko zbolevali, postali invalidi in umirali, danes ne srečamo več. Cilj cepljenja je prav gotovo to, da s cepljenjem ciljne skupine vzpostavimo kolektivno odpornost za bolezni v populaciji in s tem preprečimo širjenje povzročiteljev ali pa bolezen povsem odpravimo. Da pa ne pride ponovno do izbruha nalezljivih bolezni, je potrebna ohranitev precepljenosti prebivalstva, to pomeni, da moramo zadržati cepljenost prebivalstva na 95 ali več %. Nekatere države imajo obvezno cepljenje, v nekaterih državah pa je cepljenje neobvezno. V Sloveniji je cepljenje obvezno proti davici, tetanusu, oslovskemu kašlju, hemofilusu infuence b, otroški paralizi, ošpicam, mumpsu, rdečkam ter hepatitisu B. Zaradi obveznega cepljenja vlada v RS precepljenost, a stanje se lahko poslabša, saj obstaja vse več staršev, ki nasprotujejo obveznemu cepljenju svojih otrok. Obvezno cepljenje je eno od področij, kjer se prepletata pravo in medicina, pri tem pa se pojavljata dve vprašanji, ki sta temeljnega pomena, in sicer se na eni strani zastavlja vprašanje privolitve bolnika kot temeljne vsebine zdravstvenega posega, na drugi strani pa okviri za morebitne izključitve. S pravnega stališča se tu pojavlja tudi vprašanje nadomestne privolitve, ker je obvezno cepljenje za določene bolezni predvideno predvsem v predšolski starosti, ko so po definiciji otroci nesposobni za privolitev v poseg, zato je potrebna privolitev otrokovih staršev oziroma njegovih zakonitih zastopnikov. Obvezno cepljenje je torej dolžnost staršev, ki jo zapoveduje 22. člen ZNB, zato so starši dolžni ravnati v skladu s to zakonsko predpisano normo. Pravica do zdravja ljudi je torej v povezavi z obveznostjo staršev, da zagotovijo cepljenje svojih otrok.

Ključne besede

magistrske naloge;cepljenje;nalezljive bolezni;inšpektorat;otroci;precepljenost;pojasnilna dolžnost;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2016
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[K. Lukšič]
UDK:	351.774.7(043.2)
COBISS:	5129515
Št. ogledov:	1818
Št. prenosov:	353
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	The right or duty of parents to ensure vaccination of their children.
Sekundarni povzetek:	Vaccination in addition to the supply of drinking water, food and sanitation of the environment, in addition to the fight against infectious diseases, contributed the most for mankind. Thanks to vaccination many infectious diseases that in the past have caused severe illness among children and adults and caused many disabilities and taken high death toll, today do not exist anymore. Goal that needs to be met by vaccination is that the vaccination target groups establish collective resistance to the diseases in the population and thus prevent the spread of pathogens or the disease itself is completely eradicated. In order to prevent reoccurrence and outbreak of infectious diseases it is necessary to maintain the immunization of the population, this means that we need to keep the vaccination level of the population to 95 % or more. Some countries have compulsory vaccination, in some countries, vaccination is optional. In Slovenia the vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influence b, polio, measles, mumps, rubella and hepatitis B is compulsory. Because of compulsory vaccination the level of immunization in Slovenia is very high, a condition may be exacerbated because there are a growing number of parents that strongly oppose mandatory vaccination of their children. Compulsory vaccination is one of the areas where law and medicine are intertwined, while there are two issues that are of fundamental importance, on the one hand, the question of consent of the patient as the basic element of medical intervention, on the other hand, the framework for any exclusions. From a legal point of view, the question of substitutional consent arises in this case, because the compulsory vaccination for certain diseases is mainly foreseen in pre-school age, when children are by definition unable to give consent to an intervention, therefore the consent of the child's parents or his legal representatives is required. Mandatory vaccination is a duty of parents, Article 22 ZNB, therefore parents are obliged to act in accordance with before mentioned legislation. The right of people (citizens) to be healthy is related to the duty of parents to ensure vaccination of their children.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	imunisation;infectious diseases;inspectorat;children;vaccination level;informed consent;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani:	146 f.
ID:	9132851