Simulacija uplinjanja energentov za proizvodnjo energije in sintetičnih goriv

doktorska disertacija

Marko Agrež (Avtor), Darko Goričanec (Mentor), Jurij Krope (Komentor)

Povzetek

Organizacija delovanja Elektro Energetskega Sistema (EES) v Republiki Sloveniji vključuje veliko faktorjev s katerimi se ta proces izvršuje – proizvajalce energije, prenos in distribucijo energije do končnih odjemalcev. V tem procesu je potrebno vzdrževati ravnotežje med proizvodnjo in porabo električne energije v realnem času. ELES je v Sloveniji zadolžen za stabilno delovanje prenosnega sistema in v sklopu interkonekcije (UCTE) tudi za ohranjanje ravnotežja med proizvodnjo in porabo sosednjih EES. Ravnotežje se ohranja z izvajanjem elektroregulacij – primarne, sekundarne in terciarne, ki jih večinoma izvajajo termoelektrarne – rotacijska rezerva. Izvajanje regulacij ima negativen vpliv na stabilno delovanje termoelektrarn in zmanjšuje tudi njihovo proizvodno razpoložljivost ter učinkovitost. Problem stabilnega obratovanja se pojavi zlasti v primeru nenapovedanega vklopa sončnih elektrarn (fotovoltaika) in vetrnih turbin. Zaradi optimizacije delovanja sistema se predlaga, da bi tako proizvedeno energijo uporabili za uplinjanje odpadkov. Namesto zmanjšanja moči delujočih proizvodnih virov in posledičnega znižanja izkoristkov, bi sistem bremena prevzel uplinjevalni sistem. Za izvajanje tega procesa je primerno blato iz komunalnih čistilnih naprav (KČN), katerega je potrebo predhodno posušiti. Posušeno blato z manj kot 10% vezane vlage je snovno primerna materija za transport v uplinjevalnik, kjer v procesu uplinjanja pridobimo sintezni plin, ki ga lahko uporabimo za pogon plinskih turbin ali pa iz njega pridobimo druge uporabne kemijske snovi (vodik, metanol…). Seveda je potrebno celotno snovno-energijsko verigo predhodno pripraviti in ustrezno organizirati. Z uporabo predlaganega sistema rešujemo več problemov hkrati : • Zmanjšuje se količino blata iz KČN odloženega na deponije, • Proces sušenja podaljšuje čas obratovanja elektrarn v režimu soproizvodnje (elektrika + toplota) • Zmanjša se plačilo ekoloških taks, • Pridobi se dodaten energijski vir, • Zagotovi se obratovanje elektrarn v optimalni obratovalni točki z najvišjim izkoristkom, • ELES si zagotovi dodatne tehnične zmožnosti za izvajanje regulacij (sekundarna, terciarna) še zlasti zaradi premajhnih kapacitet za izvajanje negativne terciarne regulacije. Ker je za izvajanje TRM in ostalih regulacij pridobljena količina blata v RS premajhna, so v raziskavo vključeni tudi ostali energenti, predvsem biomasa in premog. Zasnovo tovrstnih več funkcionalnih energetskih sistemov smo poimenovali IGMFCC – Integrated Gasification Multifuel Combined Cycle. Ti sistemi temeljijo na tehnologiji uplinjanja energentov. Njihova glavna prednost je, da je sintezni plin očiščen vseh polutantov še pred njegovo uporabo bodisi v plinskih turbinah, plinskih kotlih,motorjih z notranjim izgorevanjem ali pa v nadaljni proizvodnji kemikalij. Tako zasnovani energetski sist

Ključne besede

uplinjanje;odpadki;sintezni plin;elektrika;doktorske disertacije;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2016
Tipologija:	2.08 - Doktorska disertacija
Organizacija:	UM FKKT - Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Založnik:	[M. Agrež]
UDK:	621.43.068.6:628.336.71(043.3)
COBISS:	19975958
Št. ogledov:	1617
Št. prenosov:	89
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Tehno – economics of gasification for synthetic fuels and energy production
Sekundarni povzetek:	Organization of operation of Electro Energy System (EES) in The Republic of Slovenia includes many factors, performing this process – power producers, transfer and distribution of energy towards clients. Within this process, balance between production and electricity usage in real time must be kept. ELES is entrusted to keep the electricity transmission grid in Slovenia in stable operation and must also keep balance between production and consumption between neighboring EES (UCTE interconnections). Balance is ensured by the execution of electric regulative mechanisms – primary, secondary and tertiary regulation mostly by thermal power plants – rotation reserve. During the execution of this regulation this means their worse production utilization because besides their limited production availability also the efficiency of these plants is lower. The problem occurs mainly during unplanned operation of renewables – photovoltaics and wind turbines. We are introducing the solution where the power picks got from renewables could be used as a source for waste gasification. The system will also start to operate in case of activation “negative tertiary power reserve” which is activating after unplanned shut-down some of the biggest power consumer. Instead of reducing production in the power plants, gasification system could be a supplement. For execution such a system a sewage sludge taking shape into municipal septic and cleaning devices is very appropriate. Sewage sludge must be dried and before its usage in the gasification process the percentage of water must be less than 10. The result of gasification is a syngas which could be a fuel for gas turbines or a raw material for chemicals (hydrogen, methanol) production. The whole mass-power chain must be prepared and well organized. By using such a system we are solving many problems at the same time : • The amount of sewage sludge put on the landfills has been reduced, • Drying process extends the cogenerations (heat & power) operation mode in the power plants, • Ecological taxes are reducing, • Syngas is a new fuel, • Power plants are able to operate into the optimum operation point with a highest efficiency, • ELES gets new technical capabilities for system reserve services (secondary, tertiary). For execution anciliary services the amount of sewadge sludge in Slovenia is too low, so additional fuels were included in this research, mainly biomass and coal. The name of a new power concept is IGMFCC – Integrated Gasification MultiFuel Combined Cycle. The concept is based on a gasification technology where almost all harmful substances have been extracted during gasification process. The product is syngas which can be used either in power production (gas turbines) or for chemicals production. The economical risk of such multipurpose system is very low. Due to the very low prices of electricity, all new investment in thermo power production is unacceptable, at this time. IGMCC system allows the investor to decide which product is competitive in a certain period of time. If the system is also integrated into anciliary services, the national economical benefit is very high.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	gasification;waste;sewage aludge;syngas;electricity;power;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Doktorska disertacija
Konec prepovedi (OpenAIRE):	2019-11-15
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Strani:	XVI, 111 str.
ID:	9136984