Vzdržnost osebnih financ gospodinjstev v času krize

diplomsko delo

Jasmina Kešetović (Avtor), Franjo Mlinarič (Mentor)

Povzetek

Na varčevanje gospodinjstev je vplivala nepremičninska kriza v državah evrskega območja in izguba premoženj zaradi krize na borzah. V tem času so tudi banke spremenile svoje obnašanje glede odobravanja kreditov gospodinjstvom in posameznikom. Slabo stanje v bančnem sektorju vpliva na omejen dostop do virov sredstev, ki so potrebni za hitrejše okrevanje gospodarstva. S krizo leta 2008 je gospodinjstvom v Sloveniji upadla tudi rast razpoložljivega dohodka. Največji del razpoložljivega dohodka so gospodinjstva privarčevala v letu 2006 (bruto stopnja varčevanja je bila takrat 16,8 %), 13,7 % pa je bilo povprečje v celotnem evrskem območju. Najnižja stopnja varčevanja pri nas je bila v drugem valu krize v letu 2012, in sicer 11,9 %. Med krizo se je povečalo varčevanje v bankah, saj ljudje namenjajo več pozornosti varnosti in so se zato pripravljeni odreči delu donosa. Kljub novim družbenim vrednotam, ki so jih prinesle spremembe na finančnih trgih, poskušajo gospodinjstva svoje prihranke naložiti varno in donosno. Na izbiro imamo veliko različnih naložbenih možnosti, katero izbrati, je odvisno od lastnih finančnih zmožnosti in ciljev gospodinjstev, ki se skozi življenjski cikel spreminjajo. Ta na eni strani konzervativno hranijo velik delež denarja v bankah, po drugi strani pa na kapitalskih trgih pogosto tvegajo preveč. Temeljno spoznanje je, da bo za boljše življenje potrebno spremeniti naložbene in varčevalne navade. Varčevalec se lahko zavaruje pred morebitno izgubo privarčevanega premoženja tako, da razprši znesek v depozitne produkte (npr. 40 %), v pokojninska in naložbena zavarovanja ter v vzajemne sklade (45 %), preostanek sredstev pa lahko vloži neposredno v vrednostne papirje in državne obveznice (15 %). V letih 2008—2013 se je le nekoliko povečal delež finančnih sredstev v oblikah življenjskih in pokojninskih zavarovanj, in sicer za 2 %. Varčevanje slovenskih gospodinjstev v bankah se bo po napovedih strokovnjakov postopno zmanjševalo, predvsem zaradi tendence upadanja obrestnih mer in vpliva konkurenčnih varčevalnih produktov. Vse bolj se bodo usmerjali k varčevanju v vzajemne sklade, različne obveznice in življenjska zavarovanja, tako kot gospodinjstva evrskega območja. Vodila za upravljanje osebnega premoženja lahko dobimo tako pri davčnih svetovalcih, bančnih uslužbencih, borznih analitikih kot tudi pri specializiranih svetovalcih. Koliko naših prihodkov naj bo v obliki prihrankov, je v pogojih tržnega gospodarstva izredno težko določiti. V razvitem svetu velja, da naj ima gospodinjstvo oziroma posameznik v prihrankih naloženega 10 % svojega imetja.

Ključne besede

gospodinjstva;osebne finance;varčevanje;investiranje;krize;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2016
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM EPF - Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
Založnik:	[J. Kešetović]
UDK:	336.76(043.2)
COBISS:	12468764
Št. ogledov:	719
Št. prenosov:	83
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Household finance sustainability in times of crisis
Sekundarni povzetek:	Household savings have been affected by a real estate bubble in the Euro zone and a loss of profit due to a stock market crash. The resulting financial crisis has forced banks to change their approach of granting loans to households and individuals. Poor shape of the banking sector has had a considerable effect on a limited access to funds and resources necessary for a faster economic recovery. The financial crisis of 2008 has caused a drop in disposable household income in Slovenia. The largest amount of disposable income has been put into household savings in 2006 (the gross savings rate was 16.8%). In the Euro zone, an average of 13.7% of disposable income has been saved. The lowest savings rate (11.9%) in Slovenia was reported in the second part of the 2012 economic crisis. During the crisis, the amount of savings held at banks has increased due to people being more cautious about their money and willing to give up some of their profit. Despite new social values affected by the changing financial markets, households still strive toward investing their savings safely and profitably. There are numerous investment options; the choice depends on individual financial capabilities and household goals which are changing throughout the lifecycle. On one hand, households conservatively keep a large portion of their savings at banks, but on the other hand they often take too high a risk on the capital market. In order to establish a higher quality of life, one must improve both investment and saving methods. Savers can protect their savings from unexpected loss by dispersing their money across various options: deposit products (e.g. 40%), pension and investment insurances as well as mutual funds (e.g. 45%), securities and Government bonds (the remaining 15%). In the years 2008—2013 there has been only a slight increase (2%) in financial funds in the form of life and pension insurances. According to expert predictions, Slovenian household savings at banks are expected to decline due to falling interest rates and an impact of new competitive savings products. An increase in savings in the form of mutual funds, various bonds and life insurances is expected to happen among households in Slovenia, similar to the situation in the Euro zone. Guides for managing personal finances can be obtained from tax advisors, bankers, stock analysts as well as specialized consultants. In the free market, it is extremely difficult to determine how much disposable income to put into savings. However, in the developed world a recommended amount of income set aside for savings is 10%.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	household;lifecycle;savings;investments;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Strani:	II, 43 str.
ID:	9140115