Posledice opt-out pristopa gensko spremenjenih organizmov v zakonodaji Evropske unije

magistrska naloga

Tanja Husar (Avtor), Rajko Knez (Mentor)

Povzetek

POVZETEK Magistrska naloga preučuje novo možnost izvzetja, kot je bila sprejeta z Direktivo 2015/412 glede pravice držav članic, da omejijo ali prepovejo gojenje gensko spremenjenih organizmov (GSO) na svojem ozemlju. Izvzetje, poimenovano tudi kot pristop oziroma koncept opt-out, kot je urejeno z direktivo, pomeni, da lahko države članice sedaj same izbirajo, ali bodo na svojem celotnem ali delu ozemlja gojile GSO ali ne. V ta namen direktiva določa dopustne cilje, za dosego katerih lahko države članice sprejmejo ukrepe za omejitev ali prepoved gojenja GSO. Do sedaj so bile države članice v teh možnostih močno omejene, saj so lahko odločitev o prepovedi ali omejitvi gojenja sprejele le, če so imele nov znanstveni dokaz, da gojenje takšnega GSO škoduje zdravju ljudi ali okolju. V ta namen so lahko uporabile zaščitne klavzule v skladu s sekundarno zakonodajo oziroma druge ukrepe v skladu s primarno zakonodajo. V praksi takšnega novega znanstvenega dokaza niso uspele predložiti. Sodišče je namreč takšne klavzule, ki pomenijo uresničitev načela previdnosti, presojalo strogo, saj hkrati pomenijo omejitev prostega pretoka blaga kot temelja delovanja EU. Ob sprejemu opt-out pristopa se je tako postavilo vprašanje, kako presojati ukrepe v okviru opt-out, ki ne veljajo za EU kot celoto, temveč so locirani na ozemlje ali njegov del določene države članice. Ugotoviti je, da tudi takšni ukrepi pomenijo omejitev prostega pretoka blaga, saj so lahko ovrednoteni kot ukrepi z enakim učinkom. Tako bodo tudi ti ukrepi predmet presoje sorazmernosti, nediskriminatornosti in utemeljenosti.

Ključne besede

trg;gensko spremenjeni organizmi (GSO);izvzetje;ukrepi držav članic;dokaz;omejitev prostega pretoka blaga;Evropska unija (EU);subsidiarnost;Slovenija;magistrske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2016
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[T. Husar]
UDK:	339.13.012.42(043.4)
COBISS:	5215531
Št. ogledov:	1000
Št. prenosov:	913
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	CONSEQUENCES OF OPT-OUT APPROACH OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS IN THE LEGISLATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Sekundarni povzetek:	This master thesis examines a new possibility of exemption, which was adopted by the Directive 2015/412 regarding the right of member states to restrict or prohibit cultivation of genetically modified organisms (GMO) on their territory. The exemption, also referred to as the opt-out approach or opt-out concept, regulated by the directive, means that member states may choose whether they will (or will not) cultivate GMOs on their territory. For this purpose the directive lays down permissible objectives, which can be reached by member states with their measures to restrict or prohibit cultivation of GMOs. The possibilities of the member states were so far severely limited, since the decision to prohibit or restrict cultivation could only have been adopted by providing new scientific evidence showing that the cultivation of GMOs inflicts human health or the environment. For this purpose the member states could use safeguard clauses provided by secondary legislation or other measures provided by primary legislation. In practice however, they have failed to submit such new scientific evidence. Clauses that were the realisation of the precautionary principle were under strict scrutiny of the Court, since they also represented a restriction of free movement of goods, one of the main principles of the EU. With the adoption of the opt-out concept, the question, how to assess the measures of opt-out, that do not apply to the EU, but are limited to a member state or its part, was raised. It can be determined, that such measures also represent a restriction of the free movement of goods principle, since they may be qualitied as measures having an equivalent effect. It may thus be concluded that such measures will assessed within of the principles of proportionality, non-discrimination and reasoning.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	market law;genetically modified organisms (GMOs);exemption;measures of member states;evidence;restriction of free movement of goods;European union;subsidiarity;Slovenia;master thesis;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani:	126 f.
ID:	9155303