Pravno varstvo premoženja mladoletnih otrok

magistrska naloga

Vesna Lukić (Avtor), Suzana Kraljić (Mentor)

Povzetek

Otrokom je namenjeno posebno varstvo, saj so najšibkejša družbena skupina. Povsod po svetu so v ospredju največje koristi otrok, ki jih posamezne države z nacionalno zakonodajo v skladu z mednarodnimi pravili ustrezno varujejo, a kljub temu prihaja do zlorab otrokove osebnosti in pravic, oziroma njihovi interesi niso zadostno zaščiteni. Pravica do premoženja je le ena izmed pravic otroka, ki je prav tako pomembna. S tem, ko se skuša zaščititi interese in koristi otrok, se v določeni meri krši oziroma poseže v pravice staršev na drugi strani in ravno ločnica med tema je ključnega pomena. Za premoženje otrok skrbijo starši, a je to premoženje vseeno potrebno ustrezno zavarovati s strani državnih organov (sodišč in centra za socialno delo) z ustreznimi instituti. Tu se pa postavlja vprašanje, ali so te možnosti resnično učinkovite tudi v praksi, kajti potrebno je zavarovati premoženje otrok in hkrati poskrbeti, da so zadovoljene njihove potrebe. Tudi mladoletniki sklepajo pravne posle, a je veljavnost le-teh vezana na določene predpisane pogoje. Za določene posle je poleg splošnih predpostavk za veljavnost pravnih poslov potrebno, da dajo starši ali zakoniti zastopniki predhodno soglasje k sklepanju poslov, ali pa da jih starši naknadno odobrijo. Za pomembnejše pravne posle je potrebno še soglasje centra za socialno delo, zlasti kadar gre za odsvojitev ali obremenitev premoženja otrok. Zakon o zakonski zvezi in družinskih razmerjih izrecno ne daje odgovora na vprašanje, kateri posli so to, temveč je to potrebno izluščiti iz sodne prakse, pri čemer se postavlja vprašanje, ali je le ta enotna. Po mnenju mnogih kritikov sta praksa sodišč in praksa centrov za socialno delo neenotni. Pomembna je analiza, koliko centri za socialno delo in sodišča dejansko upoštevajo okoliščine določenega primera, ko gre za odsvojitev in obremenitev premoženja oziroma sklepanja pravnih poslov na sploh in če preverjajo resničnost trditev staršev oziroma zakonitih zastopnikov v sodnih in upravnih postopkih in ali pri tem upoštevajo interese otrok. Ugotovitve kažejo, da odločajo o koristih otrok različni organi v različnih postopkih, toda ali je takšna ureditev smiselna oziroma ali koristi otrokom ter ali so pravice otrok s takšno ureditvijo zadostno zavarovane. V nalogi bodo med ostalim predstavljeni kolizijski skrbnik, varuh otrokovih pravic in zagovornik otrok kot tudi drugi instituti, njihov pomen oziroma vpliv na dodatno varstvo premoženjskih koristi otrok. V nalogi bodo predstavljene predvsem pomanjkljivosti veljavne pravne ureditve, predlagane spremembe in možne rešitve, za katere menim, da bi bile ustrezne.

Ključne besede

družinsko pravo;otrok;otrokova korist;otrokove pravice;roditeljska pravica;ukrepi države za varovanje koristi otrok;premoženje otroka;varuh otrokovih pravic;sodno varstvo;upravni postopek;pravni posel;kolizijski skrbnik;zagovornik;magistrske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2016
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[V. Lukić]
UDK:	347.626.97(043.3)
COBISS:	5198379
Št. ogledov:	1830
Št. prenosov:	202
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Protection of property of minor children
Sekundarni povzetek:	Special protection is dedicated to children because they represent the weakest social group. Around the entire world, the most important benefits for children are put at the forefront by individual countries that protect children with national legislation in compliance with international rules. Nevertheless, the abuse of the child's person and rights still occurs or the child's interests are not sufficiently protected. The right to property is only one of the child's rights and is just as important. By trying to protect interests and benefits of children, this results, to some extend, in the violation or interference of parents' rights. This is why the boundary between them is crucial. The property of child is taken care of by the parents; however, the property still has to be adequately protected by state authorities (courts, social work centers) by means of certain institutions. At this point, a question is raised as to whether these options are indeed efficient in practice because it is necessary to both protect the property of child and make sure that the child's needs are met. Minors are also able to conclude legal transactions, the validity of which, however, is bound to certain requisite conditions. Beside general assumptions for the validity of legal transactions, certain transactions require a prior consent from parents or legal guardians for conclusion of transactions, or they may require the parents subsequent approval. In more important legal transactions, especially in disposal of property or charges of property of child, an additional approval is required from the social work center. Marriage and Family Relations Act does not explicitly provide an answer as to which transactions are comprised; the answer needs to be deduced from case-law, although the question arises as to whether the case law is unified. Here, we consider both the court practices as well as the social work centers practices are not unified. This thesis presents the analysis of the extend to which social work centers actually consider circumstances of a certain case as regards disposal and charges of property of child or the conclusion of legal transactions in general. Moreover, the thesis examines whether social work centers check the credibility of statements made by parents or legal representatives in court and administrative procedures, and whether they take the child's interests into consideration. As has been found out, various authorities decide on the child's benefits in various procedures. However, is such an arrangement reasonable or does it benefit the child and are the child's rights sufficiently protected with such an arrangement? The thesis presents, among others, the institutions of a curator ventris, a children's ombudsman and a children's defender as well as other institutions, their importance and influence on additional proceeds protection of children. In particular, deficiencies of valid legal arrangement will be presented, together with modification suggestions and possible solutions which we believe would be adequate.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	family law;child;best interest of the child;children's rights;parental authority;state's measures for protection of benefits for children;property of child;judicial protection;administrative procedure;legal transaction;curator ventris;children's ombudsman;defender;master thesis;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani:	135 f.
ID:	9155430