Nekonsistentnost varstva pravic potnikov po pravu EU

magistrska naloga

Katja Rakun (Avtor), Janja Hojnik (Mentor)

Povzetek

Ljudje že od nekdaj potujemo iz različnih vzrokov in razlogov. Sodobna prometna sredstva nam dandanes omogočajo, da v relativno kratkem času pridemo iz enega kraja v drugega, iz ene države v drugo, z ene celine na drugo. Ob tem je izrednega pomena prevozni sektor, ki v sodobnem času ni le sredstvo premoščanja fizičnih razdalj, temveč eden od najpomembnejših ekonomskih dejavnikov, kateri vpliva na številna druga gospodarska področja. Pri tem je pomembna tudi unifikacija prevoznega prava, ne samo zaradi pravne varnosti ali morda praktičnosti, temveč predvsem zaradi varnosti prevoza kot takšnega. Ti vidiki so izredno pomembni tudi za evropsko integracijo, ki prav posebno pozornost namenja zlasti varstvu potnikov. Celovita zaščita potnikov, njihovih ekonomskih in neekonomskih interesov po tem, ko vstopijo v pogodbeno razmerje za določeno vrsto prevoza, je pravzaprav ena od največjih značilnosti sodobnega transportnega prava EU. Pri tem pa gre za svojevrsten, vzajemen odnos med varstvom potnikov na eni in politiko varstva potrošnikov na drugi strani; zaščita potnikov je namreč rezultat, posledica politike varstva potrošnikov, hkrati pa je bila politika varstva potrošnikov močno razširjena ravno s specifikami varstva potnikov. EU si že od leta 1991 prizadeva zagotoviti enake osnovne pravice za vse potnike in razvija zakonodajo, ki bi se uporabljala v vseh državah EU. Po prvih uspehih na področju letalskih prevozov, sledijo ostali trije prevozni sektorji; železniški, ladijski in avtobusni. EU naj bi tako po besedah nekdanjega podpredsednika Evropske komisije Siima Kallasa postalo prvo območje na svetu, kjer potniki pri vseh vrstah prevoza uživajo celoten sklop pravic. Ne glede na to katere oblike prevoza se kot potniki poslužujemo, pri vsaki obliki prevoza lahko pride do zamude, odpovedi, izgube ali poškodovanja prtljage, poškodbe, tudi smrti potnika. Logično pričakovanje je, da so tudi pravice potnikov v teh primerih enake, torej ne glede na to ali je do zamude prišlo pri koriščenju letalskega ali pa železniškega prevoza. Upravičeno je pričakovanje, da so poenoteni vsaj ključni pojmi in kriteriji, denimo kaj se šteje kot zamuda, enak režim odgovornosti prevoznika, primerljiv sistem sankcij, odškodnin in podobno. Pa vendar tudi na tem mestu velja ugotovitev, da ni vse zlato, kar se sveti in tako tudi pri evropskem konceptu varstva potnikov ni vse popolno in idealno. Čeprav gre dejansko za zaokrožen sklop pravil, ki na ravni celotne EU na prvi pogled impresivno določajo enak sistem varstva pravic potnikov, pri podrobnejši primerjavi določb štirih uredb EU, ki za letalske, železniške, ladijske in avtobusne prevoze predvidijo enotno ureditev in varstvo pravic potnikov, zelo hitro ugotovimo, da le-te vsebinsko niso poenotene. Nekonsistentnost varstva potnikov, ki vpliva tudi na negotovost potnika, pa ni edina pomanjkljivost. Na določenih mestih so v uredbah tudi pravne praznine, glede katerih je moralo ključno vlogo odigrati Sodišče EU. 8 Varstvo pravic potnika je danes pomembno tudi iz gospodarskega vidika, čeprav se v praksi ugotavlja, da potniki svoje pravice kljub vsemu premalo poznajo. Poleg tega so razlike tudi med samimi prevoznimi sektorji; medtem ko je praksa Sodišča EU izredno bogata na področju letalskih prevozov, tega ne moremo trditi za ostale prevozne sektorje, kar pa težko razumemo na način, da je v ostalih oblikah prevoza ureditev toliko boljša ali učinkovitejša. Ob podrobnejšem pregledu in primerjavi evropske ureditve na področju varstva pravic potnikov, smo pri doseganju zastavljenega cilja, to je enotnega in učinkovitega varstva pravic potnikov v vseh štirih oblikah prevoza, tako šele nekje na pol poti.

Ključne besede

prevozno pravo;potrošniki;varstvo pravic potnikov;pravo EU;magistrske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2016
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[K. Rakun]
UDK:	366.5(043.3)
COBISS:	5192235
Št. ogledov:	2268
Št. prenosov:	172
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

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Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
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URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fakulteta
Strani:	224 str.
ID:	9192632