Izpodbijanje pravnega posla v obliki notarskega zapisa

magistrsko delo

Jerneja Hernja (Avtor), Vesna Rijavec (Mentor)

Povzetek

Notarski zapis je javna listina, če so zato izpolnjene predpostavke iz Zakona o notariatu (v nadaljevanju ZN). Kljub temu, da je notarski zapis javna listina, nima učinka pravnomočnosti. Na podlagi izrecnega soglasja dolžnika pridobi posebno naravo, in sicer postane neposredno izvršljiv. Terjatev mora biti določena in zapadla. Kadar je notarski zapis neposredno izvršljiv, ima podoben učinek izvršljivosti kot pravnomočna sodna odločba ali sodna poravnava. Za varstvo dolžnika v primeru neposredno izvršljivega notarskega zapisa je poskrbljeno z ugovori zoper sklep o izvršbi na podlagi 55. člena ZIZ (v nadaljevanju ZIZ) in s samostojno tožbo. Poudariti je treba, da ni veljaven ugovor zoper sklep o izvršbi, da je notarski zapis ničen, to je treba dokazati v pravdi. Prav tako je treba razlikovati med tožbo, v kateri se izpobija veljavnost pravnega posla, ki je sklenjen v obliki notarskega zapisa, in ugotovitveno tožbo. Z ugotovitveno tožbo lahko dolžnik izpodbija lastnost javne listine (pristnost, sestavo ali vsebino). Za pravne posle, za katere ZN v 46. in 47. členu ter drugi zakoni predpisujejo kot pogoj za veljavno sklenitev obliko notarskega zapisa, je posledica kršitve obličnosti ničnost. V izjemnih primerih so dopustna odstopanja in izjeme, vendar izpolnitev ničnega notarskega zapisa ne omogoča konvalidacije v veljavno sklenjen pravni posel. Glede na posebno naravo pravnega posla, sestavljenega v obliki notarskega zapisa, in pregledano sodno prakso je razvidno, da se poskusi izpodbijanja pravnih poslov, sklenjnenih v obliki notarskega zapisa, pojavljajo, vendar jih poskušajo v večini primerov izpodbiti na napačen način.

Ključne besede

magistrska dela;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2017
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[J. Hernja]
UDK:	347.961.6(043.2)
COBISS:	5349931
Št. ogledov:	3242
Št. prenosov:	563
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Refuting the notarial agreement
Sekundarni povzetek:	Notarial agreement is a public document if it fulfils all of the presumptions in the Notary Act (hereinafter NA). Despite being a public document, the notarial agreement does not have a power of a res judicata. Based on the explicit agreement of the debtor, it obtains a specific nature: it becomes directly enforceable. The debt has to be defined and collectable. When the notarial agreement is directly enforceable, it has a similar effect of enforcement as the res judicata or court settlement. The debtor´s protection in the case of directly enforceable notarial agreement is taken care for with objections against the court decision of execution based on the Article 55 of the Claim Enforcement and Security Act and individual lawsuit. It has to be emphasized that no objection against execution is valid, that notarial agreement is null; this has to be proved in a lawsuit. Also, one has to distinguish among the lawsuit, in which a validity of a legal business that is concluded in a form of notarial agreement and declaratory judgement action, is refuted. Using declaratory judgement action, the debtor can challenge a property of public document (authenticity, structure or content). For legal businesses, for which Articles 46 and 47 of the Notary Act and some other laws prescribe - as a condition for valid conclusion - a form of notarial agreement, a consequence of violation of formality is nullity. In exceptional circumstances, tolerances and exemptions are acceptable, but fulfilment of nullity of the notarial agreement does not enable convalidation in a validly concluded legal business. In regard to the specific nature of the legal business, composed in a form of notarial agreement in the reviewed case law, it is evident that the attempts of refuting legal businesses, which are concluded in a form of notarial agreement, occur, but in majority of the cases they are refuted in a wrong way.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	notary;notarial agreement;public document;nullity;refutable;refuting the notarial agreement;direct enforceability of notarial agreement;Austrian Law;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani:	78 f.
ID:	9237219