Humanizacija družbe v EU, ki naj bi jo zagotavljali njeni pravni akti, s poudarkom na preprečevanju trgovine z ljudmi

diplomsko delo

Sara Zavernik (Avtor), Zlatko Dežman (Mentor)

Povzetek

Humanizacija je proces, ki se zagotavlja skozi pravne akte, vzgojo in vplive okolice na posameznike, da se zagotovi človeškost in dobrobit posameznika. Humanost je beseda, ki ima zelo veliko različnih definicij, skupno pa jim je le eno. Ravnati tako, da je v dobro ljudi, obenem pa se zagotavlja dobrobit posameznika. Ugotavljamo, da je humanost na udaru prav pri trgovini z ljudmi, saj gre tukaj za nečloveško, nehumano ravnanje z žrtvami trgovine. Trgovino z ljudmi poznamo že iz antičnih časov v njeni prvotni obliki, ki jo imenujemo suženjstvo. Suženjstvo ima svoj izvor že pred antičnimi časi, ko je prvič omenjeno v Hamurabijevem zakoniku leta 1760 pr. n. št. Skozi tisočletja se je spreminjalo, raslo in preoblikovalo v trgovino z ljudmi. Suženjstvo zelo dolgo ni veljalo za nelegalno dejavnost, medtem ko trgovina z ljudmi je v današnjem času nekaj nelegalnega in sprevrženega, kar današnja družba ne odobrava. Statistike po svetu so zelo različne, saj je mogoče govoriti le o domnevnih številkah, saj dejanskega števila žrtev ni mogoče ugotoviti. Število žrtev v svetu se giblje med 12 in 29,8 milijona žrtev in enako je glede dobička trgovine z ljudmi. Statistiko v EU vodi EUROSTAT na podlagi podatkov iz posameznih držav članic, ki vsako leto posredujejo pridobljene podatke o domnevnih in identificiranih žrtvah. Tukaj je potrebno poudariti, da v statistiko niso vključene vse države članice, saj je za obdobje treh let potrebno zagotoviti statistične podatke za vsako od teh treh let in to nekatere države niso storile, zato je statistika omejena samo na tiste, ki so jih. Statistika bi bila v drugem primeru nepravilna in netočna, saj ne bi bilo mogoče spremljati porasta ali padanja števila žrtev. Statistika se vodi glede na vse možne kriterije: spol, starost, obliko izkoriščanja, državljanstvo itd. Mednarodna organizacija dela je v letu 2014 govorila o približno 150 milijardah ameriških dolarjev dobička na letni ravni trgovcev z ljudmi. Potrebno je omeniti tudi najrazličnejše oblike izkoriščanja, ki ga trpijo žrtve. Prostitucija, otroška pornografija, prisilne poroke, prodaja organov, to in še več je oblik izkoriščanja, ki trgovcem prinašajo dobiček, obenem pa kršijo najbolj osnovne človekove pravice. Problematike trgovanja z ljudmi se zavedajo tudi institucije EU, ki sprejemajo pravne akte za zaščito žrtev, preprečevanje trgovine z ljudmi in kaznovanje vseh udeleženih. Listina o temeljnih pravicah je tisti najbolj osnovni pravni akt, ki zagotavlja pravice in svoboščine posameznikov, obenem pa vsebuje prepoved suženjstva in prisilnega dela. Drugi pravni akti, ki se nanašajo na trgovino z ljudmi, so Direktiva 2011/36/EU, Direktiva Sveta 200/43/ES, Amsterdamska pogodba in mnogi drugi pravni akti, ki so navedeni v nalogi. Pravni akti nam pravice in svoboščine priznavajo, ni pa to nikakršno zagotovilo, da bo tudi tako. Trgovci z ljudmi definitivno žrtvam tega ne priznavajo, saj potem ne bi mogli govoriti o trgovini z ljudmi. Humanost je nekaj, kar v večini primerov povezujemo s posameznikom, ampak je potrebno tudi ugotoviti, ali so pravo in politike EU, ki nas ščitijo, dovolj humane same po sebi. Na to temo je napisana obsežna knjiga, ki se dotakne vseh področij in disciplin politike in prava EU ter nam da malo drugačen vpogled v trenutno situacijo v EU. Krivda pa ni samo na premalo humani politiki in pravu EU, ampak na sodobni družbi. Potrošniška družba, ki jo žene naprej želja po vedno več stvareh, tehnološki napredek in razvoj sta človeka postavila v ozadje in ga enako kot stvari ovrednotila v denarju. Da ima to vse vpliv na trgovino z ljudmi, je kakopak jasno že na prvi pogled, obenem pa je potrebno vedeti, da je v potrošniškem svetu na voljo vse, po čem je povpraševanje. Torej je družba tista, ki jo lahko krivimo, da trgovina z ljudmi še vedno obstaja, obenem pa služi takšne velike količine denarja, saj brez povpraševanja ni ponudbe.

Ključne besede

diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2017
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[S. Zavernik]
UDK:	343.3/.7(043.2)
COBISS:	5349163
Št. ogledov:	1106
Št. prenosov:	102
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Summary
Sekundarni povzetek:	Humanization is a process, that is being ensured through legal acts, education and the impact of the environment on an individual to ensure humanity and an individual’s well being. Humanity is a word that has many different definitions, however all of them have one in common. Act in a way, that it is good for the society, while at the same time ensure the individual’s well being. We are finding that humanity is taking a hit especially with human trafficking. This is non-humane treatment of the trafficking victims. We know human trafficking since the ancient times in its primary form, called slavery. Slavery has its source even before the ancient times, mentioned for the first time in the Hamurabi law in 1760 b.c.e. (before common era). For millennia, it had been changing, growing and transformed into human trafficking. For long time slavery was not considered an illegal activity, while nowadays trafficking is considered something illegal and twisted, that today’s society does not approve of. Statistics around the world are very different, because it is only possible to talk about alleged numbers, since the actual number of victims is impossible to determine. The number of victims is between 12 and 29.8 million. The estimated profit from human trafficking is about the same. Statistics in the EU are run by EUROSTAT based on data obtained from individual member countries that yearly submit the information about alleged and identified victims. Here it is important to emphasize, that not all member countries are included in the statistics, since for a 3-year progress it is required to provide statistical data for each of the 3 years and some of the countries have not done so. Therefore the statistics are limited to the countries, which submitted all the necessary data. In the other case the statistics would have been incorrect and inaccurate, since it would not be possible to track increases and decreases in number of victims. The statistics are being kept according to all possible criteria: sex, age, form of exploitation, etc. In the year 2014, the ILO talked about an approximation of 150 billions US Dollars of profit on the annual level in favor of the traffickers. Various forms of exploitation suffered by the victims should also be noted. Prostitution, child pornography, forced marriages, organ selling, and other forms of exploitation, that bring traffickers profit, however at the same time break the most basic human rights. Aware of the problem are also the EU institutions that adopt legal acts to protect the victims, prevent the trafficking and penalize all implicated in it. The charter of fundamental rights is the most basic legal act that ensures the rights and freedoms of individuals while containing a ban on slavery and forced labor. Other legal acts relating to human trafficking are Directive 2011/36/EU, Council Directive 200/43/EC, the Treaty of Amsterdam and many other acts that I have cited in the explanation. The rights and freedoms are recognized by legal acts, but there is no guarantee that this will be the actual case as well. Humanity is something that is in most cases associated with an individual, but it is also necessary to identify whether the EU laws and policies that protect us are self sufficiently humane. A comprehensive book is written on this subject that touches all areas and disciplines of EU laws and politics and gives us a slightly different insight into the current situation in the EU. To blame is not only the lack of humane EU politics and laws, but also the modern society. The consumer society that is driven by the desire for more and more things, technological advancements and development has placed the human in the background and evaluated him in the same currency as material things. At first glance it is clear that all of this has an influence on human trafficking, however it is necessary to remember that everything there is demand for is also available in the modern consumer world.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	human trafficking;EU law;humanization;modern society;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani:	41 f.
ID:	9252671