Hipotekarni trgi v državah članicah EU

delo diplomskega seminarja

Jasna Štruc (Avtor), Timotej Jagrič (Mentor)

Povzetek

Nepremičnina je danes zelo pomembna ekonomska dobrina za posameznika in družbo. Na nepremičninskem trgu je nakup stanovanja ali hiše zelo draga investicija zato si večina ljudi nakupa ne more privoščiti ampak to vzamejo v najem. Ena najpomembnejših oblik financiranja nepremičnin v razvitih državah je hipotekarno posojilo. To je dolgoročno posojilo namenjeno za nakupu, gradnjo ali prenovo nepremičnine. Posojilo je zavarovano z nepremičnino, ki jo zastavimo in najpogosteje velja kot zavarovanje posojila, čeprav pri nas ne poznamo hipotekarnega posojila v pravem pomenu besede z vsemi značilnostmi, ki jih poznajo v drugih evropskih državah. V svetu so se uveljavili mnogi modeli hipotekarnega bančništva, tradicionalni model, listinjenje in model hipotekarne obveznice, ki ga poskuša uvesti v sistem hipotekarnega bančništva tudi Slovenija z Zakonom o hipotekarni in komunalni obveznici. Slovenija potrebuje zelo učinkovitejše nepremičninsko financiranje, kar bi lahko dosegla ravno z vzpostavitvijo ustreznega modela hipotekarnega bančništva. Hipotekarno bančništvo ter v tem okviru hipotekarno kreditiranje predstavlja potencialno tržno nišo za slovenske banke, saj večina Slovencev v nasprotju s prebivalci drugih evropskih držav živi v lastni nepremičnini. Specializirano hipotekarno bančništvo ima najdaljšo tradicijo na Danskem in v Nemčiji, ostale države pa večinoma sledijo njunemu izjemno uspešnemu specializiranemu modelu izdajanju hipotekarnih obveznic. Hipotekarna obveznica predstavlja novost na slovenskem kapitalskem trgu. S sprejetjem Zakona o hipotekarni in komunalni obveznici je v naš kapitalski trg uvedel nov instrument, ki prinaša pozitivne posledice tako za banke, za bodoče posojilojemalce, kot tudi za institucionalne investitorje. Hipotekarne obveznice so predvsem varna naložba, bankam pa bodo omogočale, da pridejo do dolgoročnih virov, ki jih bodo uporabile predvsem za financiranje stanovanjske gradnje. V svetu so uveljavljeni različni modeli izdajanja hipotekarnih obveznic. Najpomembnejša razlika je v principu specializiranosti oziroma univerzalnosti, poleg tega pa obstaja še možnost centralizacije izdaje hipotekarnih obveznic. Večina evropskih držav je v svoji zakonodaji implementirala načelo specializiranosti in tako omejila izdajo hipotekarnih obveznic le na specializirane hipotekarne banke. Te se praviloma ukvarjajo le z eno vrsto poslov, in sicer z izdajo hipotekarne obveznice ter s prejeto kupnino refinancirajo odobrena hipotekarna posojila.

Ključne besede

trg;hipoteke;hipotekarni kredit;posojila;bančništvo;obveznice;Evropska unija;EU;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2012
Izvor:	Ravne na Koroškem
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM EPF - Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
Založnik:	[J. Štruc]
UDK:	336.77(4)
COBISS:	10981916
Št. ogledov:	1893
Št. prenosov:	136
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Mortgages markets in EU members states
Sekundarni povzetek:	Nowadays, real estate is very important economic goods for individuals and for society. To buy an apartment or house on the real estate market is very expensive investment for most people. They cannot afford it, so they rather rental. On of the most important form of real estate investing in well-developed countries is mortgage credit. This is long-term credit intended for buying, building or renewing of the real estate. Credit is insure with real estate, which we pawn and it’s often considered as an credit insurance. This is also established in Slovenia, although we don’t know “mortgage credit” with all features and in such word meaning, as it’s known in others European countries. Many models of mortgages banking have been asserted in the world, for example: traditional model, certificates issuing and model of mortgage bond. This last one is the model which Slovenia try to introduce in our mortgage banking system with a Law of mortgage and communal bond. Slovenia needs much more effective real estate funding, what could be reach with establishing of appropriate mortgages banking model. Mortgage banking with mortgage credit is important potential market niche for Slovenians banks, because on the contrary with citizens of other European countries, majority of Slovenians lives in their own real estates. Specialized mortgage banking have the longest tradition on Denmark and in Germany, the others states mostly follow their very successful specialized model of mortgages bonds edition. Mortgages bonds are novelty on Slovenian capital market. Passing the Law of mortgage and communal bond have inducted a new model in our capital market, which bringing positive effects either for the banks, for future borrowers and also for the institutional investors. Mortgages bonds are mostly remarkably safe investment. They will enable banks to come to long-term capital sources, which could be primarily use for apartment construction funding. There are many different models of mortgages bonds edition that asserted on the world. Most significant distinction between them is in the principle of speciality or universality, besides there is also possibility of mortgages bonds centralization. Majority of European states have implemented specialization principle in their legislations and so limited bonds edition only to the specialized mortgages banks. These banks are predominantly dabble with only one type of business, this is mortgages bonds edition and than with getting purchase price refund approve mortgages credits.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	hipotecary market;mortgage;mortgage credit;mortgage banking;mortgage bond.;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Delo diplomskega seminarja/zaključno seminarsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Strani:	63 str.
Ključne besede (UDK):	social sciences;družbene vede;economics;economic science;ekonomija;ekonomske vede;finance;finance;money;monetary system;banking;stock exchanges;denar;monetarni sistem;bančništvo;borzništvo;
ID:	992809