Pravna razmerja med etažnimi lastniki

diplomsko delo

Benjamin Pačnik (Avtor), Renato Vrenčur (Mentor)

Povzetek

Z etažno lastnino se je oblikovala posebna oblika lastnine, ki odstopa od rimskega načela »Superficies solo cedit«. S tem se je pojavila namreč oblika razdeljenega lastništva na stanovanjskih stavbah. Do sodobne ureditev etažne lastnine pa je prišlo šele v prvi polovici dvajsetega stoletja, po tem, ko se je v večini razvitih evropskih držav, s posebej za to spremenjenimi predpisi, dovoljevala vzpostavitev etažne lastnine na posebnih delih nepremičnine. Najštevilčnejši predmet etažne lastnine je stanovanje, ki mu je potrebno dati širši pomen, kot le prostor za prebivanje. Predstavlja namreč pomembno socialno kategorijo, ki zagotavlja človeku določeno eksistenco — zlasti družinsko. V najširšem pomenu predstavlja zaključen sklop materialnih pogojev in razmer, vezanih na določen prostor, v katerem je omogočeno trajno bivanje in pokrivanje temeljnih potreb življenja. Glede na to je stanovanje materialna dobrina, ki zavzema posebno mesto v življenju vsakega posameznika. Cilj diplomske naloge je predstavitev osnovnih elementov etažne lastnine, pravnih razmerij v katera vstopa etažni lastnik in njegove pravice ter dolžnosti, ter pravice in dolžnosti upravnika in predstavitev pravnih instrumentov, ki bodo ob pravilni uporabi v veliki meri pripomogli k čim boljšim odnosom med etažnimi lastniki. V prvem poglavju je predstavljena pravna narava etažne lastnine. Predstavljena sta oba koncepta, ki opredeljujeta pojem etažne lastnine in kateri koncept je uveljavljen v slovenskem pravu. V drugem poglavju predstavljam pojem etažne lastnine na splošno in posebej posamezne ter skupne dele v ključno z vprašanjem določitve solastniškega deleža slednjih. Od nastavitve solastniških deležev je praviloma odvisna porazdelitev pravic in predvsem obveznosti v zvezi s skupnimi deli. Tretje poglavje je osredotočeno na način nastanka etažne lastnine s poudarkom na predstavitvi pravnih podlag na katerih lahko nastane etažna lastnina. Podrobneje so predstavljene posamezne podlage in v katerih primerih se lahko poslužujemo teh pravnih podlag za nastanek etažne lastnine. V četrtem poglavju je najprej na splošno predstavljeno pravno razmerje med posamezniki. Skozi poglavje pa so podrobneje predstavljena posamezna pravna razmerja, ki vladajo med etažnimi lastniki. Najprej je predstavljena značilnost, vsebina, oblika, spremembe in pravna narava pogodbe o medsebojnih razmerjih etažnih lastnikov. Opisano je tudi upravljanje skupnih delov v večstanovanjskem objektu. Predstavljen je način upravljanja, posli, ki jih lahko upravljajo upravniki oziroma skupnost lastnikov, ter sam način odločanja v poslih upravljanja. Sledi predstavitev obveznega rezervnega sklada. Navedeni so razlogi za rezervni sklad, način in višina vplačevanje v rezervni sklad ter samo vodenje rezervnega sklada. V petem poglavju je predstavljen pojem zakonitega stvarnega bremena, nadalje pa je opisano kako stvarno breme nastane in čemu služi. V šestem poglavju pa so navedene možnosti, katerih se lahko poslužujejo etažni lastniki, da se pravno zavarujejo. Opisani so mehanizmi, ki zagotavljajo učinkovito varstvo lastnikov, ki jih drugi lastniki z zlorabo svoje pravice in z neprimernim ravnanjem motijo v njihovi pravici.

Ključne besede

etažna lastnina;etažni lastniki;upravljanje;rezervni skladi;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2010
Izvor:	Maribor
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[B. Pačnik]
UDK:	34(043.2)
COBISS:	4029483
Št. ogledov:	3411
Št. prenosov:	499
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	LEGAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE FLOOR OWNERS
Sekundarni povzetek:	With floor ownership, a special form of ownership was formed, deviating from the Roman principle »Superficies solo cedit«. With this, a form of divided ownership appeared within residential buildings. But it was not until the first half of the twentieth century that a modern regulation of floor ownership took place. This was after most developed European countries had allowed the establishing of floor ownership with specific parts of a real estate through regulations, changed for this specific purpose. The most frequent object of floor ownership is an apartment which needs to be given a meaning broader than just a place of residence because it represents an important social category providing a person a specific existence, especially within a family. In its broadest meaning, it represents a concatenation of material conditions and circumstances bound to a certain place in which continual residence and applying to the basic needs of life is possible. Taking that into consideration, an apartment is a material asset that holds a special place in the life of every individual. The object of this composition is to present the basic elements of floor ownership, legal relations with the floor owner together with his obligations and rights, the obligations and rights of the manager and the legal instruments that will, if applied correctly, contribute to good relations between the floor owners. In the second chapter, the concept of floor ownership is presented in general with an additional explanation of separate and joint parts including the question of determining co-ownership share of the latter. The distribution of rights and obligations concerning the joint parts largely depends on the placing of the co-ownership shares. The third chapter is focused on the manner in which floor ownership is formatted with an emphasis on presenting the legal basis, necessary for the formation of floor ownership. There is also a detailed presentation of specific legal grounds and in which cases those grounds can be used for formation of floor ownership. The fourth chapter begins with a presentation of legal relation between individuals. Later on, through the entire chapter, specific legal relations between the floor owners are presented in details. What is presented first is the characteristic, contents, form, changes and the legal nature about the interrelations of floor owners. Managing joint parts of multi-occupied buildings is also described. The chapter also presents the manner of managing, businesses allowed to be managed by the managers or a group of owners, and the manner of bringing decisions within the businesses of managing. Furthermore, an obligatory reserve fund is presented with reasons for a reserve fund, the manner and the amount of paying into a reserve fund and the managing of a reserve fund. The fifth chapter deals with the concept of the lawful encumbrance, moreover describing how a lawful encumbrance is formed and what purpose it serves. In chapter six, the possibilities of legal protection for the floor owners are listed. Mechanisms are described that ensure an effective protection of owners whose rights are violated by other owners through misuse of rights and misconduct.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	floor ownership;floor owner;managing;manager;reserve fund;encumbrance.;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fakulteta
Strani:	III, 62 f.
Ključne besede (UDK):	social sciences;družbene vede;law;jurisprudence;pravo;pravoznanstvo;
ID:	999900