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The endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) scope has been increasingly used in the gastrointestinal tract (EUS-B). Scientific data proves its efficacy and safety to provide a complete lung cancer staging, when combined with EBUS-TBNA, and in the diagnosis of para-esophageal lesions. There are multiple barr ...

Background: Airway stenting (AS) commenced in Europe circa 1987 with the first placement of a dedicated silicone airway stent. Subsequently, over the last 3 decades, AS was spread throughout Europe, using different insertion techniques and different types of stents. Objectives: This study is an inte ...

A linear Gaussian parameterization of a causal model has the advantage that one can characterize the causal effect of an individual pathway, and that the causal effect from one variable on another decomposes into the causal effects of each connecting pathway, which themselves decompose into the caus ...

The now widely used theory of causal graphical models considers causal relations among a set of statistical variables. The causal relations are represented in terms of a directed graph among the set of variables, and the task of causal discovery is to identify this causal structure on the basis of t ...