Hipoteka kot sredstvo zavarovanja kreditov fizičnih oseb

magistrsko delo

Sara Sotlar (Author), Renato Vrenčur (Mentor)

Abstract

Hipoteka je zastavna pravica na nepremičninah in med drugim služi kot priljubljena vrsta zavarovanja kreditov bank in hranilnic, predvsem pri višjih izpostavljenostih posameznih komitentov. Hipoteka nudi zastavnemu upniku precej trdno obliko zavarovanja, saj je tržna vrednost nepremičnine vnaprej ocenjena in dokaj stabilna. Banke v primeru zavarovanja kreditov s hipoteko težijo k temu, da so pogodbe sklenjene v obliki neposredno izvršljivega notarskega zapisa, saj imajo v primeru neplačila terjatve zavarovane s hipoteko možnost takoj zahtevati realizacijo hipoteke v izvršilnem postopku. Nekatere posebnosti veljajo le pri maksimalni hipoteki, ki ni neposredno izvršljiva, saj varuje celotno upniško-dolžniško razmerje iz katerega bodo določene terjatve šele nastale. Lahko pa so neposredno izvršljive posamezne konkretne terjatve, ki izvirajo iz razmerja, ki je zavarovano z maksimalno hipoteko. Hipoteka je stvarnopravno zavarovanje, ki učinkuje erga omnes in s katerim upnik zavaruje vrstni red poplačila svoje terjatve v primeru neplačila. Pri vpisu hipoteke se zaznamuje tudi neposredna izvršljivost in opiše zavarovan terjatev. V toku kreditnega razmerja pa lahko pride do določenih sprememb pri zavarovani terjatvi kot so na primer sprememba dobe odplačila, sprememba obrestne mere itd. V primeru povišanja obrestne mere pomeni, da se mora povečati tudi hipotekarno jamstvo, zato je za takšno spremembo potrebno vpisati novo hipoteko. Ker je hipoteka akcesorna pravica je njen prenos mogoče le skupaj z zavarovano terjatvijo. Hipoteka preneha v primeru plačila zavarovane terjatve, če je ji upnik odpove, zaradi konsolidacije ali pa v primeru neplačila terjatve zavarovane s hipoteko v postopku prisilne prodaje. Razlikujemo prenehanje hipoteke v materialnem in formalnem smislu. Hipoteka preneha v materialnem smislu zaradi razlogov, ki so našteti zgoraj, v formalnem smislu pa šele ko se predlaga izbris hipoteke iz zemljiške knjige.

Keywords

hipoteka;maksimalna hipoteka;sredstvo zavarovanja;neposredna izvršljivost;vrstni red hipoteke;akcesorna pravica;prenos hipoteke;prenehanje hipoteke;magistrska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2018
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	S. Sotlar]
UDC:	347.278(043.3)
COBISS:	5688875
Views:	1053
Downloads:	160
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Mortgage as a means of loan insurance for end customers
Secondary abstract:	Mortgage is a security right on real estate and a popular way of banks' loan insurance, especially at higher exposures. Mortgage offers lenders a solid form of insurance as the real estate prices are assessed and quite stable. Banks tend to close mortgage credit agreements with directly executable notarial recordings so they are able to claim mortgage execution in executive procedure in case of nonpayment. Some features refer only to maximum mortgage loans which are not directly executable because they protect the lender- consumer relationship from which certain debts are to arise. Some actual debts can be directly executed if they arise from a relationship secured by maximum mortgage. Mortgage is a legal insurance with an erga omnes effect by which the lender protects the order of payment of the outstanding debt in case of nonpayment. When mortgage is assessed direct execution is marked and debt security is described. During the time of credit agreement, the number, frequency and size of the payments and the interest rate can change. In case of interest rate increase it means that mortgage insurance has to increase, too and such changes should be agreed on in a new mortgage. Since mortgage is an accessory right, its transfer is possible only together with the outstanding debt. Mortgage terminates if debts are paid off, if the lender cancels it, due to consolidation or, in case of nonpayment with compulsory sale. A mortgage can terminate in a material or formal way. The reasons for the material termination were presented above. It formally terminates when mortgage elimination from land register is suggested.
Secondary keywords:	mortgage;maximum mortgage;means of insurance;direct execution;order of mortgage;accessory right;mortgage transfer;mortgage termination;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages:	49 str.
ID:	10977882