diplomsko delo
Kristina Andrejc (Author), Miha Humar (Mentor), Miha Humar (Thesis defence commission member), Polona Jamnik (Thesis defence commission member), Mojca Narat (Thesis defence commission member)

Abstract

Tla postanejo onesnažena z dušikovimi spojinami s prekomerno uporabo gnojil in fosilnih goriv. Visoka koncentracija teh spojin (predvsem nitrata) povzroča nižanje pH vrednosti tal. Posledično se iz tal okrepi izluževanje esencialnih elementov. Po drugi strani se poveča tudi mobilnost toksičnih elementov (npr. Al). Zaradi zaostrenih življenjskih pogojev se zmanjša stopnja biodiverzitete v zemlji, kar vpliva na rast rastlin (dreves, poljščin…). Obstaja pester nabor možnosti remediacije tal. Te vključujejo fizikalno-kemične principe ter tehnike bioremediacije. Proces denitrifikacije bakterij in gliv v atmosfero sprošča inerten N2 in N2O, ki pripomore k močnejšim podnebnim spremembam. Na zakisana območja se lahko posadijo na nizko vrednost pH naravno tolerantne rastline. Potencial za odstranjevanje dušikovih spojin predstavljajo tudi gensko spremenjene rastline s prekomerno gensko ekspresijo nekaterih ključnih metabolnih encimov. Simbiotski odnosi med mikroorganizmi in rastlinami omogočajo lažje preživetje in večjo uspešnost v okolju pri obeh straneh. Dodatek bio-oglja v zemljo izboljša njene lastnosti ter rastlinam in zemeljskim mikroorganizmom omogoči boljše pogoje za obstoj. Za učinkoviti metodi za odstranjevanje nitrata sta se izkazali tudi remediacija s pomočjo električne energije ter upravljanje nivoja podtalnice, pri kateri se ustvarijo primerni pogoji za denitrifikacijo.

Keywords

onesnažena tla;remediacija;dušikovi oksidi;deitrifikacija;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [K. Andrejc]
UDC: 630*114:631.453:504.5:502.175(043.2)
COBISS: 32259843 Link will open in a new window
Views: 538
Downloads: 57
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Possibilities of remediation of soils polluted with nitrogen compounds
Secondary abstract: Soils become polluted with nitrogen compounds through excessive use of fertilizers and fossil fuels. High concentrations of these compounds (mostly nitrates) cause a decrease in soil pH. As a result, the elements that are needed by the plants are excluded from the soils. The mobility of toxic elements (e.g. Al) increases. Because of the less favourable living conditions the soil biodiversity decreases. There is a diverse range of soil remediation options. These include the physicochemical principles and bioremediation techniques. The process of denitrification of bacteria and fungi releases inert N2 and N2O, which contributes to stronger climate changes, into the atmosphere. Acidic areas can be planted with naturally tolerant plants. The potential for the removal of nitrogen compounds is also represented by genetically modified plants that possess gene overexpression of the key metabolic enzymes. Symbiotic relationships between microorganisms and plants allow easier survival and greater environmental performance on both sides. Adding bio-char to the soil improves its properties and plants along with the terrestrial microorganisms have better chances of survival. Remediation with electrical energy and groundwater level management with which are created conditions for denitrification, have also been proven efficient for the nitrate removal.
Secondary keywords: polluted soils;remediation;nitrogen oxides;denitrification;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Študij biotehnologije
Pages: VIII, 21 str.
ID: 12038915