Tehnike ugotavljanja laži

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Abstract

V Slovarju slovenskega knjižnega jezika je laganje definirano kot zavestno izjavljanje, oziroma pripovedovanje nekaj neresničnega, z namenom zavajanja v zmoto ter govoriti nekaj, kar ne ustreza resnici. Pri laganju gre za več čustvenih ter miselnih procesov, ki od človeka zahtevajo popolno zbranost ter kontrolo. Razlogov zakaj ljudje lažejo je nešteto, največkrat pa je to zaradi osebnih koristi in izogibanja kazni. To diplomsko delo govori o besednih in nebesednih znakih, ki nakazujejo, da oseba laže ter o različnih tehnikah, ki jih preiskovalci uporabljajo za odkrivanje laži in zavajanja. Tako v tuji kot tudi slovenski literaturi, je že veliko napisanega o tehnikah ugotavljanja laganja. Razne študije in eksperimenti, ki so jih strokovnjaki skozi leta izvajali in izpopolnjevali, so potrdili delovanje nekaterih tehnik, nekatere pa stroka še vedno zavrača. Še vedno so nekatere tehnike premalo učinkovite ter površne. Tako je iz njih nemogoče pridobiti verodostojne rezultate, ki bi učinkovito odkrili oziroma potrdili laganje. V nasprotju s Slovenijo, so tehnike v tujini veliko bolj uporabljane, preiskovalni organi so temu primerno tudi usposobljeni. Velik problem pri uporabi tehnik predstavlja tudi zakonodaja, saj se od države do države razlikuje in medtem ko je tehnikam ugotavljanja laži zakonodaja v tujini, predvsem v ZDA bolj naklonjena, je slovenska zakonodaja do tehnik precej kritična in jih ne priznava. V zadnjem času je mogoče zaslediti veliko serij in filmov, v katerih, kot glavni liki nastopajo ljudje, kateri lahko zgolj iz mimike obraza prepoznajo kdaj oseba laže. Tako lahko s sugestijami in raznimi manipulacijami hitro določijo krivca, ter ga zgolj s postavitvijo parih ''zvitih'' vprašanj pripravijo do želenih odgovorov. To da gledalcu občutek, da lahko tudi sam prepozna vedenje, ki je značilno za lažnivce, ne glede na to, ali je za to usposobljen ali ne. Res je, da obstajajo določeni nebesedni znaki, katere lahko tako rekoč prepozna vsak, vendar je to daleč od tega, da lahko z gotovostjo trdimo, da nekdo laže in žal velja to tudi za tehnike ugotavljanja laži. Laganje je že od nekdaj prisotno pri komunikaciji med ljudmi, najbolj pogosto in izpopolnjeno pa je pri storilcih kaznivih dejanj, kjer jim laganje in zavajanje predstavljata najboljšo zaščito. Laganje pa ni preprosto in od človeka zahteva kontrolo miselnih in čustvenih procesov, kar se velikokrat izkaže kot prezahtevna naloga. Preiskovalci in strokovnjaki so tako s pomočjo različnih eksperimentov in raziskav razvili več tehnik in metod, ki jih uporabljajo pri odkrivanju laganja in zavajanja ter določili katera nebesedna vedenja se pojavijo ob laganju. V začetku diplomskega dela je predstavljenih pet ključnih vprašanj in trditev, ki služijo kot smernice za izdelavo diplomskega dela. Ta vprašanja in trditve se bo skozi celotno delo primerjalo in preverjalo ter na koncu tudi potrdilo oziroma ovrglo.

Keywords

laganje;znaki laganja;tehnike laganja;zavajanje;besedno laganje;nebesedno laganje;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2021
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[E. Božič]
UDC:	159.925.8:177.3(043.2)
COBISS:	77442563
Views:	288
Downloads:	0
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Methods of lie detection
Secondary abstract:	According to the Dictionary of the Slovene Literary Language, lying is defined as consciously being untruthful with the intention of misleading and saying something false. It involves a series of emotional and thought processes that require the person's complete awarness and control. Although there are countless reasons for lying, most people do it for a personal benefit and to avoid punishement. There are many series and films available where the main character is a person who can detect a lie solely from observing facial expressions. They can quickly identify the culprit and manipulate them by simply asking a few questions. This gives the viewer a false sense that anyone can easily recognise deceptive behaviour whether they have been trained for it or not. Surely, there are certain non-verbal signs that can be recognised by most people, but this is far from being able to certainly say someone is lying. A lot of information on techniques that are being used to detect lying and deception can be found in foreign, as well as Slovenian literature. Many studies have been done by experts through the years that have provided evidence for some of these techniques, but many professionals remain sceptical as several of them are inefficient and they do not provide credible results that would effectively identify a lie. In contrast to Slovenia, these techniques are much more widely used abroad where investigative bodies get appropriate training in using them to detect lies and deception. Another major problem is legislation about using them as it varies from country to country. For example, the United States have laws that are much more favourable to the use of the techniques while Slovenian legislation is rather critical and does not fully recognise them. This thesis will focus on verbal and non-verbal signs that suggest a person might be lying and it will examine various techniques investigators use to detect lies and deception. Lying and deception have always been part of human communication, and they are most oftenly used by criminals as they offer the best protection. On the other hand, lying is not a simple task and it takes the person's complete mind and emotional control which, in many cases, proves to be too demanding. Investigators andexperts have, through various experiments and research, developed several techniques and methods they use to detect the non-verbal cues that occur during lying and deception. In the beginning, the thesis presents five key questions and statements that will serve as guidlines. They will be compared and analysed throughout, and finally, confirmed or rejected.
Secondary keywords:	lying;signs of lying;lying techniques;deception;verbal lying;non-verbal lying;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	VI, 39 f.
ID:	13377237