magistrsko delo
Manja Vivod Smolnikar (Author), Jožica Čeh Steger (Mentor)

Abstract

Magistrsko delo obravnava podobo Juda v izbranih delih slovenskih avtorjev in avtoric od druge polovice 19. do začetka 20. stoletja, in sicer Pavline Pajk, Josipa Vošnjaka, Otona Župančiča in Antona Novačana. Teoretični del orisuje zgodovinsko ozadje judovstva na Slovenskem, razvoj oblik antisemitizma, judovske dejavnosti in vloge v gospodarstvu, ki sta pogojevali družbeno mišljenje za oblikovanje predsodkov in stereotipizacije judovskih telesnih in psiholoških značilnosti ter izhodišča za podobe Drugega. Analitični del zajema obravnavo izbranega literarnega korpusa šestih literarnih besedil slovenskih avtorjev in avtoric, pri katerih smo zaznali dovoljšno pojavnost Juda. Vanj spadajo drame Pene (1889) in Premogar (1893) Josipa Vošnjaka, Herman Celjski (1928) Antona Novačana ter Veronika Deseniška (1924) Otona Župančiča, daljša povest Josipa Vošnjaka Navzgor-navzdol (1909) in roman Pavline Pajk Arabela (1885). V kronološkem zaporedju nas v posameznih literarnih besedilih zanima tematizacija judovstva, stereotipizacija glede na zunanjo in notranjo karakterizacijo Judov in opredelitev Juda kot podobe Drugega. Judom kot pripadnikom religije in hkrati etnične skupine so v različnih obdobjih zgodovine očitane mnoge kulturno-verske razlike, ki so vodile k pripisovanju značilnosti nepredstavljivih razsežnosti. Nenehno so bili odmaknjeni na rob družbe, njihove dejavnosti in vloge v gospodarstvu so bile ključnega pomena za mnoge krivice in tegobe. Ideološke in družbene spremembe so omogočale sprejetje antisemitskih idej, industrializacija in modernizacija sta v novonastali družbeni shemi pogojevali razvoj stereotipnega Juda v tolikšnih oblikah. Literatura predstavlja obraz miselnosti družbe. Antisemitizem je na prelomu stoletja preveval vse tri slovenske politične tabore, Judje so za Slovence glavni ideološki nasprotniki. Nacionalni interesi s političnim ozadjem so pod vplivom okolice našli obliko in obraz v književnosti tudi pri nas. Z izjemo drame Premogar je pogostost prisotnosti judovskih likov v izbranih literarnih delih po pričakovanjih močna. V nekaterih ponazoritvah je tematizacija judovstva nazornejša, vendarle pa lahko v vsakem izmed izbranih del opazimo vsaj kakšno obliko. Prav tako je skoraj povsod judovski videz upodobljen s poudarjenim nosom, kodrastimi lasmi, temnimi očmi, določata ga tudi umazanost in temna oblačila. Preseganje stereotipizacije zunanjosti je redka. Judje so zastopani kot antagonisti, izjema je le Veronika Deseniška, odražajo jih številne negativne značajske lastnosti - spletkarstvo, lažnivost, koristoljubnost, pohlepnost itd. Obenem so v veliki meri povezani z bogastvom in denarnimi posli, tudi s temnimi silami, in so zastopniki stereotipnih judovskih poklicev. Opaziti je judovsko drugačnost - jezikovno, versko, tudi nacionalno. Čeprav so del skupnosti, iz nje izstopajo in zavzemajo položaj Drugega.

Keywords

podoba Juda;stereotipizacija;antisemitizem;magistrska dela;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM FF - Faculty of Arts
Publisher: [M. Vivod Smolnikar]
UDC: 821.163.6.09(043.2)
COBISS: 87614723 Link will open in a new window
Views: 225
Downloads: 49
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: The image of Jews in selected literary works of Pavlina Pajk, Josip Vošnjak, Oton Župančič and Anton Novačan
Secondary abstract: The master's thesis studies the image of Jews in selected works written by Slovenian authors - Pavlina Pajk, Josip Vošnjak, Oton Župančič and Anton Novačan - from the second half of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. The theoretical part outlines the historical background of Judaism in Slovenia, the development of anti-Semitism, the role and activity of Jews in the economy, which conditioned social thinking for the formation of prejudices and stereotyping of Jewish physical and psychological characteristics and starting points for images of the Other. The analytical part includes a discussion of a selected literary corpus of six literary texts by Slovenian authors, in which we detected a sufficient appearance of Jews. It includes dramas Pene (1889) and Premogar (1893) by Josip Vošnjak, Herman Celjski (1928) by Anton Novačan and Veronika Deseniška (1924) by Oton Župančič. It also includes the story Navzgor-navzdol (1909) by Josip Vošnjak and the novel Arabela (1885) by Pavlina Pajk. In the chronological order in individual texts, we are interested in the thematisation of Judaism, stereotyping according to the external and internal characterization of the Jews and the definition of the Jew as the image of the Other. Jews as members of a religion and an ethnic group at the same time have been reproached of many cultural and religious differences through different periods of history, which have led to the attribution of characteristics of unimaginable proportions. They were constantly pushed to the margins of society, their activities and roles in the economy were crucial to many injustices and hardships. Ideological and social changes enabled the adoption of anti-Semitic ideas, industrialization and modernization in the newly emerged social scheme conditioned the development of a stereotypical Jew in such forms. Literature presents us with the face of mentality of society. At the beginning of the century anti-Semitism pervaded all three Slovene political camps and Jews were the main ideological opponents of Slovenes. Under the influence of the environment, national interests with a political background have found their part in literature in our country as well. With the exception of the drama Premogar, the frequency of the presence of Jewish characters in selected literary works is strong as expected. In some illustrations the thematisation of Judaism is more vivid, but we can observe at least some form in each of the selected works. Also, almost everywhere, the Jewish look is depicted with a pointed nose, curly hair, dark eyes, it is also determined by dirt and dark clothing. Going beyond exterior stereotyping is rare. Jews are represented as antagonists, with the exception of Veronika Deseniška. They are reflected in many negative character traits - itrigue, lying, selfishness, greed etc. Simultaneously they are largely associated with wealth, monetary affairs and also dark forces. They are representatives of stereotypical Jewish professions. We can notice a linguistic, religious and even national Jewish otherness. Although they are a part of the community, they stand out from it and take position of the Other.
Secondary keywords: image of Jews;stereotyping;anti-Semitism;master theses;Literarni liki;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Filozofska fak., Oddelek za slovenski jezik in književnost
Pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XI, 84 str.))
ID: 13578730