Spolna zloraba slabotne osebe v luči novele KZ-1H

magistrsko delo

Melisa Tement (Author), Miha Šepec (Mentor)

Abstract

Spolnost je v teoriji kazenskega prava privlačna zaradi svoje organske povezanosti s telesnim užitkom ter izpostavljanja najbolj intimnih delov telesa in psihe. V zadnjem desetletju je v mnogih državah mogoče zaznati rastoči interes po spremembah na področju spolnega kazenskega prava. Model prisile se v vse več državah opušča in nadomešča z novimi modeli, da bi bolje zaščitili spolno avtonomijo posameznika. Povod za te spremembe so predvsem kritike modela prisile, odmevni primeri, ali pa za njimi stojijo zgolj razni politični interesi. Vse skupaj je privedlo do razvoja dveh drugih, tako imenovanih modelov soglasja; modela veta in modela afirmativnega soglasja. Tudi v Sloveniji je leta 2021 zakonodajalec sprejel novelo KZ-1H Kazenskega zakonika, s katero je v naše kazensko pravo uvedel model afirmativnega soglasja t.i. model "ja pomeni ja". Ta model zahteva, da je dano soglasje. Tisti, ki da pobudo za spolni akt, mora pridobiti soglasje nasprotne osebe. Privolitev mora biti samostojna, svobodna in specifična. Čeprav je model "ja pomeni ja" prinesel izboljšave za žrtve spolnih deliktov iz presenečenja in za speče žrtve, je razlaga številnih spolnih kaznivih dejanj postala veliko bolj razširjena. Kazensko pravo posebej ščiti žrtve, ki se ne morejo uspešno upreti nezaželenemu poseganju v njihovo spolno nedotakljivost, ker za to niso fizično ali telesno sposobne. Kaznivo dejanje »Spolna zloraba slabotne osebe«, ki je določeno v 172. členu Kazenskega zakonika, je eden od primerov inkriminacije, ki ščiti takšne osebe. Posameznik, katerega spolno samoodločanje je zaščiteno z inkriminacijo, je lahko slaboten iz različnih razlogov, ki so lahko začasne ali trajnejše narave. Sam pojem slabotne osebe je do neke mere nedoločljiv. Pri razlagi pojma izhajamo iz splošnih kategorij, kot so duševna bolezen, duševna motnja ali slabost. Intenziteto, do katere mora takšno stanje segati, pa v vsakem konkretnem primeru določa sodišče. Sodišča so se velikokrat soočala z izzivom, kak ravnati s spečo žrtvijo. Spanje v 172. členu Kazenskega zakonika ni bilo nikoli eksplicitno navedeno in postavljalo se je vprašanje ali bi lahko bilo zajeto pod kakšno drugačno stanje, zaradi katerega se žrtev ne more upirati.

Keywords

model prisile;»ja pomeni ja«;»ne pomeni ne«;spolna samoodločba;spolna zloraba;slabotna oseba;duševna motnja;speče osebe;privolitev;novela KZ-1H;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2022
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	[M. Tement]
UDC:	343.58(043.2)
COBISS:	114776067
Views:	131
Downloads:	43
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Sexual abuse of a vulnerable person in the light of the amendment KZ-1H
Secondary abstract:	Sexuality is fascinating in criminal law theory because of its organic connection to physical pleasure and its exposure to the most intimate parts of the body and psyche. Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in many countries to change the field of sexual criminal law. The coercion model is being abandoned in more and more countries and replaced by new models to protect the sexual autonomy of the individual better. These changes are mainly driven by criticism of the coercion model, by high-profile cases, or simply by various political interests. This has led to the development of two other so-called consent models, the veto model, and the affirmative consent model. In 2021 Slovenian legislators also adopted an amendment to the Criminal Code, KZ-1H, which introduced the affirmative consent model, the so-called “yes means yes” model, into our criminal law. This model requires that consent is given. The person who initiates the sexual act must obtain the consent of the opposite person. Consent must be independent, free, and specific. Although the “yes means yes” model has brought improvements for victims of surprise sexual offenses and sleeping victims, the interpretation of many sexual offenses have become much more widespread. Criminal law explicitly protects victims who cannot successfully resist unwanted interference with their sexual integrity because they lack the physical capacity to do so. The offense of “Sexual abuse of a vulnerable person” set out in Article 172 of the Criminal Code is one of the examples of criminalization that protects such persons. Individuals whose sexual self-determination is protected by criminalization may be frail for various reasons, whether temporary or permanent. The very notion of a vulnerable person is, to some extent, indeterminate. In interpreting the concept, we start from general categories such as mental illness, mental disorder, or infirmity. The court, in each case, determines the intensity to which such a condition must extend. Courts have often been faced with the challenge of how to deal with a sleeping victim. Sleeping has never been explicitly mentioned in Article 172 of the Criminal Code, and it has been questioned whether it could be covered by some other condition that renders the victim incapable of resisting.
Secondary keywords:	coercion model;"yes means yes";"no means no";sexual self-determination;sexual abuse;vulnerable person;mental disorder;sleeping person;consent;amendment to KZ-1H;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (47 str.))
ID:	15627855