Humna Liaqat (Author), Amna Parveen (Author), Sun Yeou Kim (Author)

Abstract

L-tryptophan (Trp) contributes to regulating bilateral communication of the gut–brain axis. It undergoes three major metabolic pathways, which lead to formation of kynurenine, serotonin (5-HT), and indole derivatives (under the control of the microbiota). Metabolites from the principal Trp pathway, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid, exhibit neuroprotective activity, while picolinic acid exhibits antioxidant activity, and 5-HT modulates appetite, sleep cycle, and pain. Abnormality in Trp plays crucial roles in diseases, including depression, colitis, ulcer, and gut microbiota-related dysfunctions. To address these diseases, the use of natural products could be a favorable alternative because they are a rich source of compounds that can modulate the activity of Trp and combat various diseases through modulating different signaling pathways, including the gut microbiota, kynurenine pathway, and serotonin pathway. Alterations in the signaling cascade pathways via different phytochemicals may help us explore the deep relationships of the gut–brain axis to study neuroprotection. This review highlights the roles of natural products and their metabolites targeting Trp in different diseases. Additionally, the role of Trp metabolites in the regulation of neuroprotective and gastroprotective activities is discussed. This study compiles the literature on novel, potent neuroprotective agents and their action mechanisms in the gut–brain axis and proposes prospective future studies to identify more pharmaceuticals based on signaling pathways targeting Trp.

Keywords

medicina;bolezni;os črevesje možgani;črevesna mikrobiota;triptofan;

Data

Language: English
Year of publishing:
Typology: 1.02 - Review Article
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
UDC: 616:579
COBISS: 118270723 Link will open in a new window
ISSN: 2072-6643
Views: 10
Downloads: 1
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
Metadata: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Other data

Secondary language: Slovenian
Secondary keywords: medicina;bolezni;os črevesje možgani;črevesna mikrobiota;triptofan;
Type (COBISS): Article
Pages: str. 1-40
Volume: ǂno. ǂ16
Issue: ǂart. ǂ3270
Chronology: 10. Aug. 2022
DOI: 10.3390/nu14163270
ID: 16821827