Napačna priznanja

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

Kaja Rus (Author), Igor Areh (Mentor)

Abstract

Priznanje nosi veliko težo v kazenskem postopku, saj močno vpliva na odločitev sodnikov in porote o krivdi posameznika. Prav zato je pomembno, da se odločevalci v sodnem procesu soočijo z vprašanjem resničnosti priznanja. V zadnjih letih so se raziskave na področju napačnih priznanj močno razširile, kar nam omogoča podroben vpogled v dejavnike, ki vplivajo na napačna priznanja. Dejavnika, ki imata največ vpliva na napačno priznanje, sta starost in motnje v duševnem razvoju. Oba vplivata na osumljenčevo zmožnost razumevanja svojih pravic, ki naj bi ga ščitile pred prekomernimi pritiski preiskovalcev. Razlogi za napačna priznanja so različni, na podlagi katerih ločimo posamezne tipe napačnih priznanj, in sicer prostovoljno, izsiljeno ter ponotranjeno napačno priznanje. Velik vpliv na napačna priznanja imajo tudi preiskovalci, posebej z izbiro tehnike zaslišanj. Med najbolj vprašljive tehnike zaslišanja spada Reidova tehnika, saj preiskovalci priznanje skušajo pridobiti s pomočjo psiholoških manipulacij in preslepitve. Poleg tega ne obstajajo nobeni empirični dokazi, ki bi potrjevali učinkovitost Reidove tehnike in ocenjevali vpliv te tehnike na nedolžne osumljence ter pridobitev napačnega priznanja. Ker so napačna priznanja večdimenzionalne narave, ne obstaja preprosta rešitev, ki bi preprečila napačna priznanja. Strokovnjaki predlagajo, da bi snemanje celotnih zaslišanj zmanjšalo število napačnih priznanj, saj so v tem primeru osumljenci zaščiteni pred prevelikimi pritiski preiskovalcev, preiskovalci pa bi se izognili obtožbam, da je osumljenec priznal zaradi njihovih pritiskov.

Keywords

kazniva dejanja;storilci;preiskovanje;zaslišanje;priznanje;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2013
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	K. Rus]
UDC:	159.9:340.6(043.2)
COBISS:	2651114
Views:	1397
Downloads:	136
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary abstract:	Given that confession has a strong influence on decisions of judges and juries in establishing the guilt of an individual, confession evidence is highly potent in criminal proceedings. It is therefore important that decision-makers face the question of reality of the confession in judicial process. In recent years, research on false confessions has greatly expanded, allowing us a detailed insight into the factors which influence false confessions. Factors that have the most impact on false confessions are age and mental disorder. They both affect the suspect’s ability to understand their rights, which are supposed to protect them against excessive pressure of investigators. There are various causes of false confessions, based on which we distinguish different types of false confessions: voluntary, compliant and internalized. Investigators have a significant impact on false confessions, particularly through the choice of the interrogation technique. One of the most questionable interrogation techniques is the Reid technique, since investigators are trying to obtain a confession through psychological manipulation and deception. In addition, there is no empirical data that would support the effectiveness of the Reid technique and evaluates the impact of this technique on innocent suspects and obtaining a false confession. Since false confessions are multidimensional in their nature, there is no simple solution to avoid them. Experts suggest that recordings of entire interrogations could reduce the number of false confessions, because suspects are protected against excessive pressure of investigators. This would also allow investigators to avoid accusations of confessions made under-pressure.
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	58 str.
ID:	8726700