magistrsko delo
Natalija Sagadin (Author), Janez Jerman (Mentor)

Abstract

Življenje z otrokom s posebnimi potrebami pred družino postavlja različne izzive, zahteve in prilagoditve. Vse to se dotakne tudi sorojencev otrok s posebnimi potrebami, ki za razliko od staršev, ki imajo možnost povezovanja z drugimi starši in prebiranja različne literature, pogosto ostanejo brez pomoči in podpore. Namen magistrskega dela je, na podlagi teoretične analize ter analize intervjujev raziskati položaj sorojencev otrok s posebnimi potrebami ter oblikovati osnovna izhodišča za zasnovo programa pomoči in podpore za sorojence, ki bi ga lahko v prihodnje organizirali tudi v slovenskem prostoru. V namene raziskovanja potreb sorojencev oseb s posebnimi potrebami smo opravili intervjuje 30 sorojenci s starimi med 8 in 13 let. Ugotovili smo, da sorojenci dobro poznajo svoje brate ali sestre s posebnimi potrebami in so se v prostih opisih osredotočali predvsem na opis njihove osebnosti in tega kaj ima brat ali sestra s posebnimi potrebami rada. Kar 24 sorojencev je samih opazilo posebne potrebe svojega brata ali sestre s posebnimi potrebami oz. kasneje tudi o tem povprašalo svoje starše. Edini vir informacij sorojencem predstavljajo le starši, sorojenci pa so navedli, da sicer nimajo vprašanj o bratu ali sestri s posebnimi potrebami, ki jih ne bi upali vprašati. Skozi analizo odgovorov smo identificirali 6 različnih načinov igre med sorojenci. Izkazalo se je, da skoraj polovica sorojencev prilagodi igro posebnim potrebam brata ali sestre, nekateri le to usmerijo v brata ali sestro s posebnimi potrebami oz. ga poskušajo na nek način vzpodbuditi k igri, prav tako pa so sorojenci tisti, ki določajo in vodijo igro ter v določeni primerih poskrbijo za večjo varnost ter bolj pazijo na brata ali sestro s posebnimi potrebami. Sorojenci pomagajo pri osebni negi, varovanju, asistenci (prinašanje in podajanje stvari, spremstvo v šolo, nameščanje v stolček), ter pri učenju in pri postrežbi hrane in hranjenju. Glede pomoči, ki jo nudijo sorojenci in igre smo izvedli tudi nadaljnjo statistično analizo, ki pa je pokazala, da glede nege ni statistično pomembnih razlik glede na spol sorojencev ali vrstni red rojstev. Prav tako nismo ugotovili razlik v obliki iger in zaposlitev glede na to ali je sorojenec starejši ali mlajši od brata ali sestre s posebnimi potrebami. So pa se pokazale razlike v načinu igre glede na to ali je sorojenec starejši ali mlajši od brata ali sestre s posebnimi potrebami. Sorojenci tako tudi če so mlajši od brata ali sestre s posebnimi potrebami le temu nudijo določeno nego, asistenco ter ga hranijo in tolažijo. To že nakazuje na morebitno asimetrijo vloge, ki je značilna lastnost odnosa med sorojenci v katerem ima eden izmed sorojencev posebne potrebe. 20 sorojencev je navedlo, da so njihovi vrstniki sprejeli brata ali sestro s posebnimi potrebami ostali pa so ob tem imeli manjše ali večje težave. Vrstniki so jim o bratu ali sestri s posebnimi potrebami postavljali vprašanja in na nekatere sorojenci niso znali odgovoriti. Kot dobre izkušnje in doživljanja, ki jih prinese življenje z bratom ali sestro s posebnimi potrebami so izpostavili predvsem dober odnos ter ponos in občudovanje brata ali sestre s posebnimi potrebami. Med slabimi izkušnjami in doživljanji pa so navajali moteče vedenje brata ali sestre s posebnimi potrebami ter zasmehovanje in strmenje ljudi. Največ sorojencev si želi, da bi njihov brat oz. njihova sestra bolje govorila, da bi se mu/ji izboljšalo zdravje in zdravstveno stanje ter da bi bil/bila bolj pokreten oz. pokretna. Sorojenci so izrazili tudi kar različne strahove, ki jih imajo v prihodnosti in sicer strah pred tem kdo bo skrbel za brata ali sestro s posebnimi potrebami, strah jih je morebitne operacije ali poškodbe ali celo smrti. Izrazili so tudi strah pred neuspešnostjo brata ali sestre s šoli ter pred nastanitvijo v zavodu. Na podlagi tega smo tako zapisali morebitne teme in področja, ki bi jih lahko vključili v delavnice namenjene sorojencem, ki imajo brata ali sestro s posebnimi potrebami.

Keywords

program podpore in pomoči;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [N. Sagadin]
UDC: 376.1(043.2)
COBISS: 10739785 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Position and the needs of siblings of children with special needs
Secondary abstract: Family with a child with special needs faces various challenges, demands and adjustments. All of this also affects siblings of children with special needs, who often do not have same support and help as their parents, which have the option of connecting with other parents in similar situation and reading helpful literature. The intention of this Master’s degree is to research the position of siblings of children with special needs through theoretical analysis and analysis of the interviews and to form a basic starting point for development of help and support programme for siblings, which could also be formed in Slovenian region. We carried out interviews with 30 siblings, who were 8 to 13 years old, with the intention of researching their needs. We had discovered that siblings know their brothers and sisters with special needs well and in their freeform descriptions they mainly focused on describing their siblings personalities and the matters that siblings like. 24 siblings noticed special needs of their brother or sister with special needs on their own and later asked their parents about it. Sole information source for siblings are their parents, siblings also stated, that they do not have any questions, which they would be afraid to ask. Analysis of the answers showed 6 different styles of play between siblings. Almost half of siblings adjust their style of play to special needs of their brother or sister, some of them direct the game to their sibling with special needs or they try to motivate them to play. Siblings also direct and lead the play and in certain cases arrange for more safety and look out for their brother or sister with special needs. Siblings help with personal care, safeguarding, assistance (bringing and giving things, escorting to school, positioning into the chair) and with teaching, food serving and feeding. We made further statistical analysis about sibling help and play, which showed that regarding nursing there were not statistically significant differences about siblings gender or the order of birth. If the sibling was older or younger also did not have any influence on the form of play and activities between them. Higher or lower age of siblings of brothers or sisters with special needs however did have an influence on the style of the game. Even if they were younger, siblings still gave care, assistance, feeding and consolation to their brother or sister with special needs. This points to potential role asymmetry, which is characteristical attribute of the relationship in which one sibling has special needs. 20 siblings stated that their peers accepted their brother or sister with special needs, the rest faced minor or major difficulties on that subject. Peers asked siblings questions about their brother or sister with special needs, which they did not always knew how to answer. Regarding positive experiences of living with brother or sister with special needs they mentioned good relations, pride and admiration for their brother or sister with special needs. Regarding negative experiences of living with brother or sister with special needs they mentioned disruptive behavior of their brother or sister with special needs and mocking and staring of other people. Majority of siblings wished that their siblings with special needs would speak better, move easier and that their health would improve. Siblings shared their fears of the future, i.e. who would take care of their brother or sister with special needs, fear of possible operation, injury or even death. They also feared failure of their brother or sister with special needs in school and moving them to care institution. All of this was the basis for possible themes and areas, which could be included in workshops for siblings of children with special needs.
Secondary keywords: backward child;family;otrok s posebnimi potrebami;družina;
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. Ljubljana, Pedagoška fak.
Pages: XII, 88 f.
ID: 9057143