Prehranjevalne navade osnovnošolskih otrok

(specialistično delo)

Nataša Dolinšek (Author), Milica Lahe (Mentor), Jadranka Stričević (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Prehrana predstavlja pomemben dejavnik zdravega življenjskega sloga. Zdrav način prehranjevanja ima dolgoročno pomemben vpliv za ohranitev in krepitev zdravja, nezdrave prehranjevalne navade pa so ena izmed ključnih determinant nezdravega življenjskega sloga in posledično vzrok za različne kronične nalezljive bolezni. Namen raziskave je bil ovrednotiti prehranjevalne navade učencev višjih razredov osnovne šole: način prehranjevanja, odnos do različnih skupin živil, upoštevanje prehranskih priporočil ter telesno dejavnost. Zanimale so nas tudi razlike v prehranjevalnih navadah učencev glede na šolo oziroma okolje, v katerem se šola nahaja. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 221 učencev od 6. do 9. razreda iz dveh osnovnih šol (mesto/podeželje). Raziskavo, ki je temeljila na samo poročanju, smo izvedli s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. Vprašalnik smo uporabili za pridobivanje epidemioloških podatkov o prehranjevalnih navadah ter telesni aktivnosti otrok. Podatke o prehranskem statusu smo pridobili s Fakultete za šport UL, na podlagi podatkovne baze SLOfit. Anketo smo obdelali s statističnim programom SPSS za okolje Windows 17.0 s pomočjo osnovnih statističnih metod. Prehranjevalne navade učencev iz mestnega in podeželskega okolja se bistveno ne razlikujejo. Večina učencev zaužije 4 – 5 dnevnih obrokov hrane. 76,7 % učencev iz mesta zajtrkuje več kot 5 dni v tednu, nekoliko manj s podeželja. Učenci jedo raje sadje kot zelenjavo. Dnevno uživa sadje 70 % učencev, zelenjavo okoli 60 %, mleko 50 %. Ribe tedensko uživa petina učencev iz mesta, manj s podeželja. Več kot polovica učencev uživa meso in mesne izdelke vsak dan ali večkrat tedensko. 33 % učencev uživa polnozrnata žita in izdelke iz žit. Sladke pijače uživa dnevno 15 % učencev, sladice okoli 20 %. Energijske pijače uživa 29 % učencev iz mesta in 38 % iz vasi. Večji delež čezmerno hranjenih je v mestu, debelih pa na podeželju. Četrtina učencev je vsak dan telesno dejavnih vsaj eno uro, večina učencev pa je vsaj dva - do trikrat na teden športno aktivnih tudi v prostem času. Otroci in mladostniki se prehranjujejo pretežno nezdravo in so premalo gibalno aktivni. Poleg zdravju naklonjenih javnih politik je za izboljšanje prehranjevalnih in gibalnih navad ključnega pomena ozaveščanje o zdravi izbiri živil in pozitivni zgledi predvsem v družinskem in šolskem okolju.

Keywords

šolski otroci;zdrava prehrana;prehranjevalne navade;smernice zdravega prehranjevanja;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2016
Typology:	2.10 - Specialist Thesis
Organization:	UM FZV - Faculty of Health Sciences
Publisher:	[N. Dolinšek]
UDC:	613.2-053.5(043.2)
COBISS:	2273444
Views:	1768
Downloads:	216
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	EATING HABITS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
Secondary abstract:	Nutrition plays a vital part in healty lifestyle. Healty eating has a long term influence on maintaining and fortifying our health whereas inappropriate eating habits are one of the key factors of unhealthy lifestyle and consequently the cause of various chronic infectious diseases. The goal of the survey was the evaluation of pupils' eating habits, including attitude toward different food groups, consideration of food recommendations and physical activity. Additionally, we were interested in differences in eating habits based on the environment – the location of the school. The survey included 221 pupils (6th – 9th grade) from two primary schools (city/countryside). The survey was based on a questionnaire on eating habits and physical activity of the pupils. Nutritional status data were acquired from the Faculty of Sports, University of Ljubljana, on the basis of data base SLOfit. The questionnaire was processed by statistical program SPSS for environment Windows 17.0. Eating habits of pupils from urban and rural environment do not significantly differ. Most pupils have 4 – 5 meals a day. 76,7 % of pupils coming from the urban area eat breakfast at least 5 times a week, whereas this number is slightly lower with the pupils from rural area. Children prefer eating fruit to vegetables. 70 % of pupils eat fruit, 60 % eat vegetables and 50 % of pupils drink milk on daily basis. Fish are eaten weekly by one fifth of city pupils and a little less of those coming from the countryside. More than half of all the pupils eat meat and meat products every day or almost every day. 33 % of pupils eat wholegrain food. Sweet drinks are drunk every day by 15 % of pupils and 20 % of pupils eat sweets daily. Energetic drinks are more popular with countryside pupils - 38 % of those pupils drink them whereas 29 % of city children indulge in this kind of beverages. The greater deal of overweight come from city areas, but the number of obese pupils is higher with the countryside pupils. One fourth of the pupils from the survey are phisicaly active for at least one hour every day. Furthermore, most of the pupils are physically active in their free time at least two to three times a week. Children and adolescents' nutrition is predominantly unhealthy along with insufficiant physical activity. Besides prohealth policy, the key is in public awareness campaign about the impact of un/healty food on children's health and positive examples at home and school.
Secondary keywords:	school children;healthy nutrition;eating habits;guidelines for healthy eating;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Specialist thesis
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za zdravstvene vede
Pages:	VI, 89 str., 6 str. pril.
ID:	9162288