Vpliv nevrolingvističnega programiranja na učinkovitost komuniciranja

magistrsko delo

Sabina Breznik (Avtor), Sonja Treven (Mentor)

Povzetek

V prvem poglavju začnemo z opisom in razlago pojma nevrolingvistično programiranje, krajše NLP. V začetku predstavimo sledeče predpostavke ali aksiome NLP, in sicer: Vsak človek se v življenju ravna po svojem notranjem zemljevidu. Najboljši zemljevid kaže kar največ poti. Za vsako vedenje je nekje skrit pozitiven razlog. Vsaka izkušnja ima svojo strukturo. Za vsak problem obstaja rešitev. Vsak človek premore vso moč, ki jo potrebuje. Telo in duh sta del enotnega sistema. Komunikacija dobi svoj končni pomen z rezultatom. Ni porazov, ampak so samo odzivi (povratna sporočila). Če kaj ne deluje, poskusi nekaj drugega. V prvem poglavju opišemo tudi nastanek NLP v začetku sedemdesetih let, ko je študent informatike in psihologije Richard Bandler spoznal jezikoslovca Johna Grinderja in sta skupaj identificirala vzorce, ki jih uporabljajo izjemni terapevti in jih zapisala. V drugem poglavju govorimo o delovanju možganov in zaznavanju po modelu NLP. Za levo polovico možganov je značilno, da je razumsko analitična in se ji predpisuje lastnosti, kot so na primer: razumsko, deduktivno, konvergentno, abstraktno, analitično, objektivno itd. V desni možganski polovici pa so procesi mišljenja bolj naključni in se skladajo z neverbalnim izražanjem. Obe polovici sta enako pomembni in ljudje, ki imajo enakomerno razviti obe polovici, nimajo problemov z učenjem, saj je vseeno kako jim je informacija podana. V tretjem poglavju govorimo o konceptih in metodah po modelu NLP, med katere spada tudi členjenje. Pojem je v 50-ih letih predstavil psiholog George Miller, ki je preučeval delovanje človekovega kratkotrajnega spomina. Ugotovil je, da večina ljudi lahko zavestno registrira (7 ± 2) sedem plus/minus dva dela neke informacije. Iz teh ugotovitev sledi, da mora biti informacija, ki jo posredujemo, predstavljena v manj elementih, da bo razumljiva. Če neko informacijo sestavlja več kot devet enakovrednih elementov, si lahko pomagamo z združevanjem sorodnih si elementov v podskupine. Sledita metamodel in Miltonov model jezika, ki sta si ravno nasprotna. Pri prvem gre za členjenje navzdol (podrobnosti, razlikovanje, čutno specifično, mali členi…) pri drugem pa za členjenje navzgor (velika slika, ideje, zamisli, posplošitve, umeščanje, abstraktnost) in v stran (metafore, analogije). V četrtem poglavju spoznamo tehnike NLP. Če želimo preseči obstoječe programe in vzorce, ki se odvijajo v naši podzavesti, jih je potrebno na novo zapisati in s tem prekriti stare vzorce. Podzavest najlažje preprogramiramo tako, da načrtno vnašamo vanjo določene misli, čustva, ki jih nato podzavest osvoji. Ena od možnosti so sugestije, pomembno pa je, da smo brezpogojno prepričani v tisto, kar govorimo. Prva opisana tehnika je sidranje. Sidranje lahko na nek način razumemo kot pogojni refleks, ki ga je s svojim eksperimentom ponazoril in javnosti predstavil ruski zdravnik in fiziolog Ivan Pavlov. Druga opisana tehnika je SWISH. S to tehniko lahko spremenimo oziroma nadomestimo določeno obnašanje z novim, primernejšim. Učinkovita je pri odpravi navad in za vgraditev novih, učinkovitejših vzorcev vedenja. Pri standardnem SWISH-u uporabljamo podmodalnosti (velikost, svetlost, disociacija, asociacija,..). Tretja opisana tehnika je preokvirjanje. To tehniko uporabimo, ko si želimo prenehati z nekim obnašanjem (vedenjem), a nam z zavednim delovanjem to ne uspe, ali pa, ko nas nekaj blokira in nam ne gre od rok neka aktivnost, ki si jo želimo opraviti. V obeh primerih lahko zaključimo, da gre za vedenje, ki ima podporo v našem nezavednem in ga zato ne moremo spremeniti preprosto na zavednem nivoju. To vedenje nas vodi k nečemu, kar nam je pomembno in čemur se ne želimo odreči. Tega dobrega namena in koristi, ki smo je od tega deležni, se ne zavedamo. Pri tej tehniki poznamo: preokvirjanje okoliščin in preokvirjanje vsebine. Četra tehnika je Diltsova piramida. Nevrolingvistični nivoji so logični nivoji Diltsove piramide. Ti omogočajo, da se učimo na vseh ravne

Ključne besede

psihologija;komuniciranje;komunikologija;nevrolingvistično programiranje;informacije;zaznavanje;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2011
Izvor:	Maribor
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM EPF - Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
Založnik:	[S. Breznik]
UDK:	159.937
COBISS:	10771228
Št. ogledov:	5308
Št. prenosov:	943
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	ǂThe ǂinfluence of neuro-linguistic programming on effective communication
Sekundarni povzetek:	The first chapter begins with a description and interpretation of neuro-linguistic programming, short NLP. In the beginning, we present the following presumptions or axioms of NLP: In life, everyone is guided by his or her own map. The best map shows the maximum amount of paths. For each behaviour, there is a positive reason hidden somewhere. Each experience has its own structure. For every problem, there is a solution. Everybody has all the resources he or she needs to succeed. Body and spirit are part of a unified system. Communication gets its final meaning by the result. There is no failure, only feedback. If something does not work, try something else. The first chapter describes the creation of the NLP in the 1970s, when a student of informatics and psychology, Richard Bandler, met a linguist, John Grinder, and they have together identified patterns used by outstanding therapists and recorded them. The second chapter deals with the brain function and the perception according to the model of NLP. For the left half of the brain is characteristic to be rationally analytical and that it provides features such as: rational, deductive, converging, abstract, analytical, objective, etc. However, in the right half of the brain, the thought processes are more random and consistent with non-verbal expression. Both halves are equally important, and the people, who have evenly developed the two halves, do not have problems with learning, thus they do not care how the information is provided. The third chapter deals with the concepts and methods according to the model of NLP that includes also »chunking«. The concept was presented by the psychologist George Miller in the 1950s, who had studied the human short-term memory. He found out that most people can consciously register (7 ± 2) seven plus / minus two parts of some information. Thus follows that the information submitted shall be presented in fewer components, in order to be understood. If the information consists of more than nine equal elements, we can help it by bringing together related elements in the sub-groups. It follows the meta-model and the Milton model of language that are contradictory. The first deals with the chunking down (for details, differentiation, sensory-specific, small articles ...), and the second deals with chunking up (big picture, ideas, concepts, generalizations, location, abstract) and chunking of (metaphors, analogies). The fourth chapter deals with the NLP techniques. If we want to overcome the old programs and patterns, that take place in our subconscious mind, they need to be re-written and the old patterns need to be concealed. Sub-consciousness can be best reprogrammed in the way that certain thoughts and feelings shall be systematically put in that is then win by subconscious mind. One of the options is suggestions, but it is important that we are absolutely confident in what we are talking about. The first described technique is anchoring. Anchoring can be somehow understood as a conditional reflex, which was illustrated by the Russian physiologist and doctor, Ivan Pavlov, through his experiment to the public eye. Another described technique is called SWISH. With this technique, we can change or replace certain behaviour by a new, more appropriate one. It is effective when eliminating the habits and incorporating the new, more efficient patterns of behaviour. For the standard SWISH we use sub-modalities (size, brightness, dissociation, association...). The third described technique is called reframing. This technique is used when we want to stop with certain behaviour but we fail through conscious act, or when something blocks us and we cannot handle certain activity that we want to. In both cases we can say that it is a behaviour that has a support in our unconscious level and therefore it cannot be changed easily on the conscious level. This behaviour leads us to do something that is important for us and that we do not want to give up. We are not aware of its good intentions and the benefits we ge
Sekundarne ključne besede:	Keywords: NLP and axioms of NLP;brain functions;cognition;concepts and methods of the model of NLP;NLP techniques;communication and NLP;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Strani:	63 str.
Ključne besede (UDK):	philosophy;psychology;filozofija;psihologija;psychology;psihologija;sensation;sensory perception;občutek;čutna zaznava;
ID:	1015045