magistrsko delo
Pia Buh (Avtor), Mojca Lipec-Stopar (Mentor)

Povzetek

Pomoč z likovnimi dejavnostmi je podvrsta pomoči z umetnostjo, ki označuje psihoterapevtsko pomoč z izraznimi sredstvi in ima cilj izboljšati počutje in delovanje posameznika. Glede na številne raziskave ima pomoč z likovnimi dejavnostmi pozitivne učinke na širokem spektru oseb. Ustvarjanje je že samo po terapevtsko, saj le-to vodi k izboljšanju psihofizičnega stanja in počutja. Hkrati je likovno izražanje tudi sredstvo simbolične komunikacije, pri čemer ustvarjeni izdelki služijo lažji verbalizaciji in raziskovanju osebnih vsebin posameznika. Učinke pomoči z likovnimi dejavnostmi navajajo številne raziskave, primanjkuje pa empiričnih raziskav s sistematičnim spremljanjem in vrednotenjem rezultatov. Ob pregledu literature smo ugotovili, da prav tako primanjkuje raziskav na področju nudenja pomoči z likovnimi dejavnostmi osebam z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju. Vemo, da te osebe na nekaterih področjih v življenju potrebujejo stalno pomoč. Pri zagotavljanju kvalitete njihovega življenja zato iščemo vedno nove možnosti pomoči in ena izmed njih je lahko tudi pomoč z likovnimi dejavnostmi. V tej magistrski nalogi smo izvedli singularno študijo primera, ki je bila osnovana na spremljanju in evalviranju dvajsetih srečanj nudenja pomoči z likovnimi dejavnostmi. Posameznika z zmerno motnjo v duševnem razvoju, kateremu smo nudili pomoč z likovnimi dejavnostmi, smo izbrali namensko z vnaprej določenimi kriteriji. Načrtovani program je obsegal likovno izražanje v različnih likovnih tehnikah, kateremu je sledila interpretacija oziroma pogovor. Za doseganje večjih učinkov nudenja pomoči na posameznika smo upoštevali splošne značilnosti oseb z zmerno motnjo v duševnem razvoju in v ta namen predstavili tudi pomembne prilagoditve oziroma strategije dela. Najprej smo na podlagi analize posameznih srečanj izvedli kvalitativno analizo, ki je pokazala največji napredek na področju posameznikove komunikacije. Obenem smo zaznali še naslednje pozitivne učinke: izrazitejše ozaveščanje in izražanje čustev, boljše zavedanje in spoznavanje sebe ter izboljšanje pozornosti in samoiniciativnosti. Veljavnost kvalitativne raziskave smo dodatno podprli z kvantitativno analizo. Z opazovalno shemo smo ocenjevali napredek posameznika na v naprej določenih področjih, za katere smo predvidevali, da ima pomoč z likovnimi dejavnostmi učinek: komunikacija, pozornost, počutje in vztrajnost. Prišli smo do podobnih ugotovitev: največji napredek se je pokazal na področjih komunikacije in vztrajnosti. Dodatno smo na podlagi ocenjevalne lestvice in vprašalnika izvedli še oceno samopodobe posameznika ter zaznali napredek na več področjih: izražanju čustev, želja in zanimanj, definiranja ciljev za prihodnost, boljšemu poznavanju samega sebe, večjemu zaupanju vase in večji suverenosti v komunikaciji. Opravljena raziskava ima nekatere omejitve, saj gre za singularno študijo primera, kar pomeni, da pridobljenih rezultatov ne moremo posplošiti. Določeno omejitev predstavlja tudi trajanje raziskave, saj bi bilo za jasnejše rezultate potrebno spremljati proces nudenja pomoči daljše časovno obdobje. Obenem se nam postavlja vprašanje o trajnosti učinkov in o prenosu pridobljenih veščin v drugo okolje.

Ključne besede

prilagoditve dela;samopodoba;komunikacija;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija: UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik: [P. Buh]
UDK: 376(043.2)
COBISS: 11579977 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 584
Št. prenosov: 152
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Monitoring the art therapy process in the person with moderate intellectual disability
Sekundarni povzetek: Art therapy is a form of expressive arts therapies that tries to improve the general wellbeing of individuals by using the creative processes of making art. According to several research publications, the art therapy can offer a wide range of benefits to people with or without issues. The process of making art is by itself understood as therapeutic, as it improves person’s psychophysical state and wellbeing. Art can on the other hand also represent a mean of symbolic communication – the created artwork offers an improved way of researching the individual’s inner world and verbalizing its contents. There exist many researches on the effectiveness of art therapy, but there is a lack of empiric researches with systematic monitoring and evaluation of obtained results. There is also a lack of quality researches in the field of offering art therapy to moderate mentally retarded persons. We know that they are in the need for the permanent assistance in some fields and we believe that art therapy can in a certain extent improve the quality of their lives. In this thesis we present a singular case study, in which we monitored and evaluated the effects of art therapy sessions conducted with the moderate retarded individual. We selected an individual that was appropriate for the efficient monitoring and evaluation of art therapy’s effects. We conducted twenty an hour long sessions in which we carried out artistic activities by using several art making techniques. These activities were followed by an interpretation and conversation. During the sessions we have taken in to account general characteristics of mentally retarded persons and we also presented in this thesis the needed adjustments which have to be considered to achieve better effects of art therapy. We firstly conducted a qualitative analysis of art therapy effects according to notes taken during each session. The analysis showed the biggest improvement in the field of communication. We also detected the following improvements: better awareness and expression of feelings and emotions, better self-awareness and self-knowledge, better attention, better self-esteem and better self-initiative. To support the above results in a more objective way, we also conducted a quantitative analysis. By using the observation scheme, we monitored the improvements of art therapy in the following fields: communication, attention, persistence, wellbeing and persistence. The biggest effects were observed in the field of communication and persistence. Additionally we performed an evaluation of individual’s self-esteem by using a questionnaire and an assessment scale. The improvements were detected in several fields: better expression of feelings, wishes and interests, better definition of goals in life, better self-awareness, better self-confidence and better sovereignty in communication. The presented research has some limitations, because it is a singular-case study, which means that results cannot be generalized. The limitation is also the research duration as the effects of the art therapy would be more distinctively seen if the research lasted longer. The research also does not investigate how sustainable these effects are.
Sekundarne ključne besede: remedial instruction sciences;art;specialna pedagogika;umetnost;
Vrsta datoteke: application/pdf
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak.
Strani: VIII, 125 str.
ID: 10843807