Kriminaliteta zoper vodo - pregled tujih študij

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

Simona Sehur (Avtor), Katja Eman (Mentor)

Povzetek

Voda, spojina brez katere ne bi bilo življenja, je danes ogrožena zaradi negativnih posegov vanjo (spreminjanje njenih bioloških, fizikalnih in kemijskih lastnosti) s strani posameznika, podjetij in korporacij. V diplomski nalogi smo analizirali pregled tujih študij in ugotovili, da lahko kriminaliteto zoper vodo v širšem razdelimo na tri skupine. Prvo, med ljudmi najbolj znano onesnaževanje smo predstavili na primerih razlitij nafte (Ekvador, Mehiški zaliv, razlitja iz tankerjev), odstranjevanja odpadnih zdravil, plastike, kemikalij in radioaktivnih odpadkov. Druga skupina, ki je mnogi sicer ne bi zaznavali kot kriminaliteto zoper vodo, je po našem mnenju pretirana uporaba le-te. Aralsko jezero je tipičen primer, kjer ljudje vodo pretirano uporabljajo za namene namakanja in s tem povzročajo krčenje jezera zaradi zmanjšanih pritokov. Kot tretjo in zadnjo vrsto pa smo predstavili privatizacijo vodnih virov. Velike korporacije dandanes vodo, ki je naravna dobrina, izkoriščajo in si ustvarjajo ogromne dobičke. S tem povzročajo pomanjkanja vode v skupnostih ali težji dostop do nje. Kot primer smo predstavili dve korporaciji: Coca-Colo in Nestle. Ugotovili smo, da se večina kriminalitete zoper vodo zgodi v državah tretjega sveta ter da so zanjo največkrat odgovorne korporacije, ki jim je dobiček pomembnejši od varovanja okolja in varovanja človekovih pravic. Njihova moč v svetu in slaba zakonodaja na tem področju pa jim vse to omogočata. Večkrat namreč za svoja dejanja sploh ne odgovarjajo (primer Chevron v Ekvadorju) oziroma dobijo le denarno kazen (naftna korporacija BP (British Petroleum) v Mehiškem zalivu). Na podlagi ugotovitev predlagamo na področju kriminalitete zoper vodo dve izboljšavi. Večji poudarek je potrebno narediti na ozaveščanju o problematiki, saj lahko pri zmanjšanju kriminalitete zoper vodo ogromno pripomore vsak posameznik sam. Nujno potrebne se nam zdijo tudi spremembe na področju zakonodaje.

Ključne besede

voda;vodni viri;onesnaževanje;privatizacija;ekološka kriminaliteta;diplomske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2017
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	S. Sehur]
UDK:	343.3/.7:502.51(043.2)
COBISS:	3393514
Št. ogledov:	1249
Št. prenosov:	130
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Kriminaliteta zoper vodo
Sekundarni povzetek:	Water, a compound without which there would be no life, is now threatened by negative impacts (changing its biological, physical and chemical properties) done by the individuals, businesses and corporations. In the diploma thesis we analyzed the review of the foreign studies and found out that water crime can be in a wider context divided into three groups. First, among the people most known pollution was presented in the cases of the oil spills (Ecuador, Gulf of Mexico, spills from tankers), disposal of waste pharmaceuticals, plastics, chemicals and radioactive wastes. The second group that many would not consider as a water crime, is in our opinion, the excessive use of it. The Aral Sea is a typical example, where people have used to much water for the irrigation purposes, thereby causing shrinkage of the lake due to the reduced inflows. As the third and last group, we introduced the privatization of water resources. Large corporations today use water, which is a natural source, for exploiting and making huge profits. This causes water shortages in communities or difficult access to it. As an example, we presented two corporations: Coca-Cola and Nestle. We found out that the majority of the offenses against water happen in the third world countries and that most of the time they are committed by the corporations, whose profits are more important than protecting the environment and human rights. Their power in the world and poor legislation in this areas have made this possible. Often, in fact, they do not answer for their actions (e.g. Chevron in Ecuador) or get a fine (oil corporation BP (British Petroleum) in the Gulf of Mexico). Based on the findings, we suggest two improvements in the field of crime against water. Greater emphasis needs to be done to raise awareness of the problem because a lot of crime against water can be reduced by each individual. In our opinion the changes in legislation are also urgently needed.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	water;pollution;privatization;corporations;crime;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede
Strani:	54 str.
ID:	10844866