Menstrualni cikel in športna zmogljivost

diplomsko delo

Tomaž Jurše (Avtor), Marjana Glaser (Mentor)

Povzetek

Že od ustanovite modernih olimpijskih iger se število žensk, ki tekmujejo, od iger do iger vztrajno povečuje. V zadnjih letih so se te številke še povečale. Tekmovalnost in želja po rezultatu sta vedno večja, športniki in športnice so za to pripravljeni storiti marsikaj in se odreči marsičemu. Stopnja fizične pripravljenosti se iz sezone v sezono zvišuje, obratno sorazmerno pa se zmanjšuje prostor za napredek športnika in športnice. Trenerji zato iščejo načine, kje in kako doseči še boljšo pripravljenost. Pri tem se pri treningu s športnicami srečamo z menstrualnim ciklom, ki občutno vpliva na nenehna nihanja koncentracije hormonov. Številni raziskovalci s tega področja nikakor ne najdejo skupnega jezika o vplivu menstrualnega cikla na športno zmogljivost. Na eni strani imamo tiste, ki razlik v zmogljivosti skozi cikel ne ugotavljajo, drugi pa trdijo, da razlike so. Do takšnih nesoglasij prihaja predvsem zaradi zahtevne narave testiranj in dejavnikov, ki lahko vplivajo na rezultate. Čeprav med študijo izvajajo meritve koncentracije hormonov, lahko pride do napak zaradi dejavnikov, kot so čas testiranja, visoke inter- in intra-individualne variabilne koncentracije estrogena in progesterona, ter zaradi njune pulzirajoče narave sekrecije in interakcije. To pa lahko ali prikrije vpliv menstrualnega cikla na športno zmogljivost ali pa ga prikaže, tudi če ga ni. Kadar gre za šport, pri katerem prevladuje komponenta moči in pri intenzivnih aerobno anaerobnih športih, večina študij trdi, da menstrualni cikel ne vpliva na fizično zmogljivost športnice in ni potrebe po prilagajanju trenažnega procesa posamezne faze športnice. Pri športih vzdržljivostnih disciplin pa se manjši vpliv menstrualnega cikla lahko pojavi v sredini lutealne faze, predvsem kadar je intenzivnost napora športnice 80 % VO2max. Glavni "krivec" za to je termoregulacija in povišanje bazalne telesne temperature. Športnice se na tekmovanjih nekoliko težje spopadejo z menstrualno krvavitvijo, ker ta lahko oteži nastop.

Ključne besede

diplomska dela;menstrualni ciklus;trening;športna zmogljivost;športnice;hormoni;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2019
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik:	[T. Jurše]
UDK:	796.07-055.2:618.17-008.8(043.2)
COBISS:	25127688
Št. ogledov:	852
Št. prenosov:	113
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	The menstrual cycle and sport performance
Sekundarni povzetek:	Since the beginning of the modern Olympic Games, the number of female competitors has been steadily rising, with a significant increase over the last few years. With this comes ever-greater competitiveness and desire for top results. Athletes are ready to do or give up numerous things in order to achieve their maximum physical potential. As the level of physical competence gets higher every season, the room for progress is proportionally reducing. Every coach is therefore looking for ways to achieve even better performance. Additional thing we face with female athletes is the menstrual cycle, which causes constant fluctuations in hormone concentrations. Researchers in this field have not yet managed to reach an agreement regarding the impact of the menstrual cycle on athletic performance. Some claim that there is none, while the others disagree. Such disagreements are mainly due to the demanding nature of the tests used to identify the eventual impact, as well as other factors that may affect the results. Although measuring of hormone concentration is an integral part of the testing, errors are possible due to factors such as test time, high inter- and intra-individual variability of estrogen and progesterone concentration and their pulsing nature of secretion and interaction. All that can seemingly diminish or mask the impact the menstrual cycle has on athletic performance, or even show it when there is none. When it comes to female athletes in sports dominated by the power component and intensive aerobic-anaerobic sports, majority of the studies state that the physical capacity of the athlete is not affected by the menstrual cycle and that there is no need to adjust the training process according to the phase in which the athlete is in. However, in the case of female athletes in the endurance disciplines, a minor impact of the menstrual cycle can occur in the middle of the luteal phase, especially when the intensity of the effort is their 80 % VO2max. This is mainly due to the body's thermoregulation and increase in basal body temperature. Furthermore, in the event of a competition, these athletes have slightly more difficulties coping with the menstrual bleeding alone, which can make the performance more challenging.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	theses;menstrual cycle;training;sports performance;athletae;hormoni;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pedagoška fak., Oddelek za športno treniranje
Strani:	51 f.
ID:	11233565