doktorska disertacija
Jelena Blašković (Avtor), Branka Rotar Pance (Mentor), Darja Koter (Član komisije za zagovor)

Povzetek

Pevsko izobraževanje je pomemben segment v izobraževanju bodočih vzgojiteljev na glasbenem področju. Petje je temeljni glasbeni izraz otrok v predšolskem obdobju, zato je priporočljivo, da vsi študenti, bodoči vzgojitelji, v času študija predšolske vzgoje razvijejo svoje pevske sposobnosti ter glasbene veščine in znanje. Pevske veščine se odražajo na usposobljenosti bodočih vzgojiteljev, vplivajo na njihovo samozavest ter na pogostost izvajanja glasbenih dejavnosti z otroki. Pedagoške fakultete imajo pomembno vlogo pri izobraževanju bodočih vzgojiteljev. Struktura izobraževanja na glasbenem področju na fakultetah v Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem poteka v okviru triletnega strokovnega in univerzitetnega študija predšolske vzgoje. Na pedagoških fakultetah petje kot glasbeno področje ne obstaja kot samostojni predmet, temveč je vključeno v obvezne in izbirne predmete. Glede na študijske programe, v okviru katerih poteka pevsko izobraževanje bodočih vzgojiteljev, se število ur teh predmetov razlikuje med posameznimi pedagoškimi fakultetami v Sloveniji (Ljubljana, Koper, Maribor) in na Hrvaškem (Zagreb, Reka, Zadar, Split, Osijek). Pevska usposobljenost študentov predšolske vzgoje predvideva poznavanje in obvladovanje lastnega glasu, ohranjanje glasovnega zdravja in izvajanje higiene glasu ter poznavanje in upoštevanje glasovnega razvoja otrok. Pomembno je, da se vzgojitelj med študijem kar najbolje nauči petja, saj vemo, da otroci oponašajo petje in se učijo s posnemanjem modela – vzgojitelja. Na razvoj pevskih sposobnosti študentov predšolske vzgoje vplivata kakovost osnovnošolske in srednješolske izobrazbe na glasbenem področju ter sodelovanje v obšolskih glasbenih dejavnostih. V osnovnih šolah v Sloveniji sta predmeta Glasbena vzgoja oz. Glasbena umetnost, na Hrvaškem pa predmet Glasbena kultura, del šolskega programa. V srednjih šolah je kakovost glasbenega izobraževanja odvisna od vrste srednje šole. Tako v Sloveniji kot na Hrvaškem obstajajo gimnazijski ter strokovni in umetniški srednješolski programi. V Sloveniji v okviru splošnega gimnazijskega programa obstaja predmet Glasba, ki pa je obvezen le v prvem letniku, na hrvaških gimnazijah pa predmet Glasbena umetnost traja štiri leta in kronološko obravnava zgodovino glasbene umetnosti (Nacionalni okvirni kurikulum, 2011). V Sloveniji je na srednješolskem strokovnem programu Predšolska vzgoja glasba vključena v predmetnik v vseh štirih letih šolanja (prim. Srednje strokovno izobraževanje. Izobraževalni program Predšolska vzgoja, 2004). V hrvaških strokovnih šolah šolski program ne vključuje nobenega glasbenega predmeta. Na umetniških gimnazijah z glasbeno smerjo pa se učenci intenzivno ukvarjajo z glasbo, saj je ta program poklicno usmerjen in mladim omogoča razvoj umetniškega potenciala (Bela knjiga o vzgoji in izobraževanju, 2011; Umetniško izobraževanje, Ministrstvo za znanost, izobraževanje in šport RH, b.d.). Glasbene in pevske sposobnosti lahko učenci razvijajo tudi v okviru obšolskih dejavnosti, in sicer najpogosteje v glasbenih šolah, zborih, vokalno-instrumentalnih skupinah, kulturno-umetniških društvih ali pa na zasebnih, individualnih urah. Skladno z Belo knjigo o vzgoji in izobraževanju (2011) v Sloveniji najpomembnejše obšolske dejavnosti temeljijo na glasbi in plesu, ki jih izvajajo v glasbenih šolah, učence pa spodbujajo, naj se vpišejo v pevski zbor. Na Hrvaškem je dodatno glasbeno izobraževanje najpogosteje usmerjeno v glasbene šole, kulturno-umetniška društva in zbore. Denačeva (2010) ugotavlja, da pri pevskem izobraževanju uporabljamo določene metode in oblike učenja. Poznamo frontalno, skupinsko in individualno obliko učenja ter učenje v paru oz. tandemu. Glede na proces učenja petja lahko posamezne socialne oblike učenja tudi kombiniramo, izbiramo pa jih glede na cilj in namen pevske naloge. Frontalno obliko pri učenju v predšolskem obdobju uporabljamo ob predstavitvi pesmi, ki jo učitelj izvede pred določeno skupino otrok. Skupinska oblika ima enoten cilj za vse sodelujoče, in sicer, da se otroci naučijo otroške pesmice. Učenje otroške pesmi lahko poteka v paru ali individualno. Delo v paru spodbuja učenje pri introvertiranih osebah, ki se lahko na ta način svobodneje pevsko izražajo. Pri individualni obliki učenja so na optimalen način aktivirane intelektualna, senzorična, praktična in izrazna raven učenca. Z njo spodbujamo samoizobraževanje s predznakom pridobivanja trajnejših znanj (Stevanović, 2001; Bognar in Matijević, 2002; Pranjić, 2005; Jelavić, 2008; Terhart, 2010). Glasba je del posameznikovega vsakdana, ta pa si jo izbere glede na svoje preference. Po mnenju Dobrote in Tomić - Ferićeve (2006) ter Schäferja (2008) glasbena preferenca nastane v trenutku, ko moč dražljaja, ki ga določena glasba izzove, ustvari občutek vznemirjenja in je posamezniku všeč ali pa ne. Na glasbene preference vplivajo socialno-demografski dejavniki, med katere prištevamo spol (Dobrota, 2008; Reić Ercegovac in Dobrota, 2011; Bunič, 2013), vrstnike (Schäfer, 2008; Selfhout in dr. 2009), medije in prosti čas (Szubertowska, 2005; North in Hargreaves, 2007; Dobrota, 2008; Bunič, 2013), družino (Szubertowska, 2005; Hirano, 2010) in izobrazbo (Szubertowska, 2005; Dobrota, 2008; Droe, 2008; Dobrota in Reić Ercegovac, 2009; Bunič, 2013). Številne raziskave so pokazale, da na glasbene preference vplivajo tudi osebnostne lastnosti (Rawlings in dr., 1994; Kemp, 1996; Rentfrow in Gosling, 2003; Schwartz in Fouts, 2003; Pearson in Dollinger, 2004; Nater in dr., 2005; North in dr, 2005; Popović, 2006; Perkins, 2008; Rawling in Leow, 2008; Schäfer, 2008; Sigg, 2009; Reić Ercegovac in Dobrota, 2011). Na to, katero glasbeno zvrst bo posameznik raje poslušal pa lahko vpliva tudi njegova identiteta (Choen, 1991; Firth, 1996; Hargreaves in dr., 2002; Hudson, 2006; Chamarro – Permuzic in Furnham, 2007; Rice, 2007; Lundberg, 2010). V empiričnem delu smo na osnovi podanih teoretičnih izhodišč predstavili dve raziskavi. Prva je raziskava o glasbenih izkušnjah, znanjih in glasbeni usposobljenosti študentov predšolske vzgoje v Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem, druga pa raziskava o učinku kultiviranja in oblikovanja glasu študentov predšolske vzgoje z uporabo individualne in skupinske učne oblike. Prva raziskava temelji na deskriptivni in kavzalno-neeksperimentalni metodi pedagoškega raziskovanja in je kvantitativnega značaja. Izvedli smo jo v šolskem letu 2013/2014, v njej pa so sodelovali študenti 1. in 3. letnika predšolske vzgoje na Pedagoških fakultetah v Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem (N=707). Z vprašalnikom smo preverjali glasbeno znanje in izkušnje bodočih vzgojiteljev glede na njihovo osnovnošolsko, srednješolsko in univerzitetno izobrazbo. Preučili smo vključevanje študentov v dodatne glasbene dejavnosti, njihovo poznavanje otroške pesemske literature in naklonjenost do glasbenih zvrsti ter razlike med hrvaškimi in slovenskimi učenci pri merjenih spremenljivkah. Izsledki so pokazali, da vsi študenti svoje znanje, pridobljeno v osnovni in srednji šoli, ocenjujejo kot dobro, znanje, pridobljeno na fakulteti pa kot zelo dobro. Kljub temu pa so v primerjavi s hrvaškimi študenti slovenski študenti vseeno bolje ocenili svoje poznavanje glasbenega področja iz obdobja osnovnošolskega in srednješolskega izobraževanja. Slovenski študenti imajo tudi višjo oceno pri poznavanju osnov glasbenega jezika. So pa hrvaški študenti bolje od slovenskih ocenili svoje poznavanje zgodovine glasbene umetnosti in glasbenih zvrsti. V celotnem vzorcu se je dodatno glasbeno izobraževalo 41,7 % študentov. Primerjava med državama pa je pokazala, da se je pred vpisom na predšolski študij dodatno glasbeno izobraževalo in udejstvovalo 50,5% slovenskih in le 35,2% hrvaških študentov. Slovenski študenti so bili v večji meri vključeni v glasbene šole, zbore, orkestre in so imeli tudi več zasebnih glasbenih učnih ur kot hrvaški študenti. Pri spremenljivkah vključenost v folklorno društvo in ostale obšolske dejavnosti pa statistično pomembne razlike niso bile zaznane. Glede na vse obšolske dejavnosti, ki vsebujejo petje, je 37,9% udeležencev raziskave svoj glas šolalo v zboru, na učnih urah petja v glasbeni šoli ali pri zasebnikih, 62,1% udeležencev pa svojega glasu ni šolalo. V Sloveniji je svoj glas šolalo 37,5% udeležencev, na Hrvaškem pa 38,2%. V osnovni šoli je največ slovenskih in hrvaških študentov pelo na vsaki uri glasbenega pouka. V Sloveniji je bilo takšnih študentov 36,9%, na Hrvaškem pa 45,1%. V srednji šoli je na urah glasbenega pouka pelo 45,3% udeležencev raziskave. Glede na državo, v kateri poteka študij, je v času svojega srednješolskega izobraževanja pelo 81,7% slovenskih študentov in le 34,7% hrvaških. Pogostost petja je povezana tudi s poznavanjem otroške pesemske literature. Izkazalo se je, da slovenski študenti poznajo več otroških pesmic iz obdobja osnovne in srednje šole, hrvaški študenti pa iz obdobja univerzitetnega izobraževanja. Slovenski študenti tretjega letnika predšolske vzgoje so pridobljena znanja in sposobnosti na glasbenem področju ocenili enako dobro kot hrvaški študenti. Med trinajstimi merjenimi spremenljivkami so slovenski študenti svoje znanje ocenili kot boljše na desetih spremenljivkah. To so oblikovanje glasu, oblikovanje občutka za ritem, uporaba Orffovega instrumentarija, poznavanje glasbenega ustvarjanja predšolskih otrok, poznavanje metod, načinov in oblik dela pri glasbenih dejavnostih z otroki, povezovanje glasbenih vsebin z ostalimi področji predšolskih dejavnosti, poznavanje osnovnih načel in načinov spodbujanja glasbenega izražanja in ustvarjanja, oblikovanje glasbenega okusa pri otrocih, glasbene didaktične igre (igre petja, rime), načrtovanje, izvajanje in analiza glasbenih dejavnosti v otroškem vrtcu. Hrvaški študenti pa so bolje ocenili svoje znanje pri spremenljivkah poslušanje glasbe, igranje instrumenta in poznavanje slogovnih značilnosti v glasbeni zgodovini. Statistično pomembna razlika obstaja na sedmih spremenljivkah, pri katerih imajo višjo oceno slovenski študenti. Sodelujoči v raziskavah najraje poslušajo glasbene zvrsti pop in rock, klasična (umetniška) glasba pa jim je le delno všeč. Izsledki so pokazali, da statistično pomembne razlike pri glasbenih preferencah med slovenskimi in hrvaškimi študenti obstajajo pri osmih od osemnajstih navedenih glasbenih zvrsti. Slovenski študenti pogosteje poslušajo klasično (umetniško) glasbo, svetovno glasbo, pop glasbo, filmsko glasbo in glasbene zvrsti, ki niso posebej omenjene, spadajo pa pod kategorijo ostalo, hrvaškim pa so bolj všeč Rnb, hip hop, soul, elektronska plesna glasba in turbofolk. Na to, kar najraje poslušajo najbolj vplivata družba in vrstniki. Izkazalo se je tudi, da obstaja določena povezava med naklonjenostjo zahtevnejšim glasbenim žanrom (klasična, filmska in folklorna glasba) in leti sodelovanja v obšolskih glasbenih dejavnostih, predvsem v povezavi z izobraževanjem v glasbeni šoli. Glede na to, da se na pedagoški študij vpisujejo študenti z različnimi glasbenimi sposobnostmi in predznanjem, je bil drugi del raziskave usmerjen v preučevanje uporabe individualne in skupinske oblike učenja pri pevskem pouku bodočih vzgojiteljev. Skušali smo ugotoviti, kako kakovostne in učinkovite so omenjene pedagoške oblike učenja. Raziskava je potekala kot kvazi-eksperiment, v katerem smo na manjšem vzorcu preučevali, kako različne oblike učenja vplivajo na razvoj intonančnih sposobnosti in obseg glasu sodelujočih v raziskavi. V raziskavi, ki je bila izvedena v študijskih letih 2012/2013 in 2013/2014 so sodelovale študentke Pedagoške fakultete v Zagrebu, oddelek Petrinja (N=36). Razdeljene so bile v dve eksperimentalni in eno kontrolno skupino. Pevske sposobnosti udeležencev raziskave smo preverjali na področju intonančne točnosti, točnega petja melodičnih vzorcev in širitve glasovnega obsega. Raziskava, ki je potekala 15 tednov, je pokazala, da se pevske sposobnosti v določenem časovnem obdobju razvijajo ne glede na to, ali je bilo učenje petja strokovno vodeno ali pa je temeljilo na intuiciji študentov (torej brez navodil profesorjev). Pri vseh raziskovalnih skupinah je viden bistven napredek v intonančni točnosti in širitvi glasovnega obsega. Izsledki kažejo, da strokovno vodeno petje, bodisi individualno bodisi v skupini, prinaša boljše rezultate kot so jih imeli tisti v kontrolni skupini, ki se niso dodatno pevsko usposabljali. Pevsko usposabljanje namreč izboljša intonančne sposobnosti in vodi v razširitev obsega glasu.

Ključne besede

petje;glasbena pedagika;študenti;predšolska vzgoja;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.08 - Doktorska disertacija
Organizacija: UL AG - Akademija za glasbo
Založnik: [J. Blašković]
UDK: 78:378.147(497.4/.5)(043.3)
COBISS: 2527111 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 525
Št. prenosov: 54
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: (Singing education of students in preschool studies at the faculties of education in Slovenia and Croatia)
Sekundarni povzetek: Singing education is an important segment of future preschool teachers' education in the music field. Singing is the basic child's expression in the preschool age, ergo the importance in all students, future preschool teachers, developing their singing abilities, music skills and knowledge in the course of their preschool education studies. Singing skills reflect upon the future preschool teachers' competence, influence their self-confidence and the frequency of implementing music activities in their work with children. Pedagogic faculties have an important role in future preschool teachers' education. The structure of education in the music field on faculties in Slovenia and Croatia is realised within three-year professional and university education for preschool teachers. As an important music area, singing doesn't exist as an independent course, but is incorporated in required and elective courses. According to faculty programmes, within which future preschool teachers' singing education is taking place, lessons fund of the aforementioned courses is different between certain teacher education faculties in Slovenia (Ljubljana, Koper, Maribor) and in Croatia (Zagreb, Rijeka, Split, Osijek). Preschool education students’ singing competence encompasses knowing one's own voice and mastering it, preserving vocal health, applying voice hygiene, and knowing and appreciating children's vocal development. It is important that preschool teachers learn and acquire singing skill in the course of his/her studies as well as possible, because children imitate singing and learn by imitating the model. The development of preschool teacher students' singing abilities is influenced by the quality of their primary and secondary education in the music field, and also by their participation in extracurricular music activities. As a school subject in primary schools, Music is a part of Slovenian and Croatian school curriculum. In secondary schools, the quality of music education depends on the school type. There are general, professional and art secondary school programmes in Slovenia and Croatia. Within the general grammas schools programme in Slovenia, there is the required subject Music in the first year of schooling. In Croatian gymnasiums, school subject Music lasts for four years and deals with the history of music chronologically (National Curriculum Framework, 2011). In Slovenia, in secondary school professional programme of Preschool education, music is incorporated in the programme of all four years of schooling (Practical secondary school professional education, Educational programme Preschool education, 2004). There aren't any music subjects within the programmes of Croatian professional secondary schools. In the art programme secondary schools with vocationally directed music programmes, music is intensely dealt with because the programme is professionally oriented and enables young people to develop their art potential (White Book on Education, 2011; Art Education; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of RC, n.d.). Music and singing abilities can also be developed within extracurricular activities. Most frequently they are: music schools, choirs, vocal-instrumental groups, cultural-arts associations, or they can be developed through private and individual tutoring. According to the White Book of Education (2011), the most important extracurricular activities in Slovenia are based on music and dance. They are implemented in music schools and also through motivating students for participation in singing choirs. Additional music education in Croatia is most frequently directed at music schools, cultural-arts associations and choirs. According to Denac (2010), certain types of learning and methods are used in singing education. There are frontal, group, individual mode, and also learning in pairs. Considering the process of singing learning, certain social modes of learning can be combined or chosen with regards to the goal and purpose of the singing task. In the preschool field, frontal mode of singing is present in song demonstration, which is done by a preschool teacher in front of a particular group of children. Group type of work has a common goal for all participants, and it is mastering the children's song. Practising a child song can be organised as pair work or individually. Working in pairs stimulates learning and activity of more introverted people who express themselves through singing more freely. Intellectual, sensory, practical and expressive layers of the learner are optimally activated with individual learning mode. In this way, self-education is taking place with the sign of acquiring more permanent knowledge (Stevanović, 2001; Bognar and Matijević, 2002; Pranjić, 2005; Jelavić, 2008; Terhart, 2010). Music is a part of everyday life of individuals who choose music based on their own preferences. According to Dobrota and Tomić – Ferić (2006) and Schäfer (2008), music preference is created in the moment in which the strengths of the stimulus, provoked by certain music, create a feeling of excitement and (dis)liking. Music preference is influenced by socio-demographic factors. They are: gender (Dobrota, 2008; Reić Ercegovac and Dobrota, 2011; Bunič, 2013), peers (Schäfer, 2008; Selfhout et.al. 2009), media and free time (Szubertowska, 2005; North and Hargreaves, 2007; Dobrota, 2008; Bunič, 2013), family (Szubertowska, 2005; Hirano, 2010) and education (Szubertowska, 2005; Dobrota, 2008; Droe, 2008; Dobrota and Reić Ercegovac, 2009; Bunič, 2013). Many researches show that personality traits also influence music preference (Rawlings et.al, 1994; Kemp, 1996; Rentfrow and Gosling, 2003; Schwartz and Fouts, 2003; Pearson and Dollinger, 2004; Nater et.al, 2005; North et.al, 2005; Popović, 2006; Perkins, 2008; Rawling and Leow, 2008; Schäfer, 2008; Sigg, 2009; Reić Ercegovac and Dobrota, 2011). Individual's identity can also influence the preferential listening of music genres (Choen, 1991; Firth, 1996; Hargreaves et.al, 2002; Hudson, 2006; Chamarro – Permuzic and Furnham, 2007; Rice, 2007; Lundberg, 2010). On the basis of the stated starting points, two researches are shown in the empirical part. The first is about music experiences, knowledge of music, and music competence of preschool education students in Slovenia and Croatia. The other is about the effect of cultivating and shaping preschool education students' voice with the use of individual and group learning modes. First research is based on descriptive and causally non-experimental method of pedagogic research and is quantitative in character. The research was carried out in the academic year 2013/2014. Participants were first and third year students of preschool teacher education at teacher education faculties in Slovenia and Croatia (N=707). The questionnaire examined future preschool teachers' music knowledge and experience with regards to their primary, secondary and higher education. We researched students' involvement in additional music activities, their knowledge of children's singing literature, inclination for music genres and the differences in the examined items between Croatian and Slovenian students. The results show that all students rate the acquired knowledge in primary and secondary school as good, and the one gained at university as very good. Slovenian students have higher assessment for the item of knowing music areas from primary and secondary education in comparison to Croatian students. Slovenian students have higher assessment of knowledge about the music language basics than Croatian students. Croatian students gave higher assessment of their knowledge of music history and music genres, in comparison to Slovenian students. In the whole sample, 41,7% of the students had additional music education. Comparing these countries shows that 50,5% of Slovenian students and 35,2% of Croatian students, before enrolling in preschool teacher education studies, were additionally educated and engaged in music. Slovenian students were more engaged in music schools, participated in choirs and orchestras more frequently, and attended private lessons more often than Croatian students. No statistically significant difference was found on the items of participation in folklore associations and other extracurricular activities. Connecting extracurricular activities which include singing, 37,9% of the subjects schooled their voice through choir participation, by attending singing lessons in music schools or privately, while 62,1% of the subjects haven't educated their voice at all. 37,5% of the Slovenian subjects educated their voice, and 38,2% of the subjects did the same in Croatia. In primary school, the highest number of Slovenian and Croatian students sang in every Music class. The percentage of those students is 36,9% in Slovenia, and 45,1% in Croatia. In secondary school, 45,3% of the students sang in Music class. In the light of the country where they study, 81,7% of Slovenian students sang in the course of their secondary schooling, and in Croatia only 34,7% of the subjects did the same. Singing frequency is connected with the level of knowledge about child singing literature. As it was shown, Slovenian students know more children's songs from primary and secondary school, while Croatian students know more from higher education. Slovenian third year students of preschool teacher education have assessed the acquired knowledge and skills in the music area equally well as Croatian students. From the tested thirteen items, Slovenian students had better assessments on ten items, which are: voice formation; shaping the sense of rhythm; use of the Orff Instrumentarium; knowledge of preschool children's music creation; knowledge about the methods, ways and modes of working in music activities with children; connecting music content with other areas of preschool curriculum; knowledge of basic principles and ways of stimulating expression and creation; shaping children's music taste; music-didactic games (games with singing, rhymes); planning, implementing and analysing music activities in kindergartens. Croatian students have shown higher assessment on the items listening to music, playing instruments and knowledge of style features within music history. The result is statistically significant for seven items on which Slovenian students have the higher assessment. The research subjects mostly listen to music genres of pop and rock, and only partially like classical music. The results show the existence of statistically significant difference in music preferences between Slovenian and Croatian students on eight from the eighteen stated music genres. More often, Slovenian students listen to classical music, world music, recent pop music, film music, and not stated music genres which fall into the category other. More often, Croatian subjects listen to rhythm and blues, hip hop, soul, electronic dance music and turbo-folk music. Their preferential listening is mostly influenced by peers and society. A certain link has been proved to exist between the inclination towards more demanding music genres (classical, film and folklore music) and the years of participation in extracurricular music activities, principally in connection with music school education. With regards to the fact that students with different music abilities and background enrol in teacher education faculties, the second part of the research was directed towards the examining the use of individual and group learning modes in future preschool teachers' singing education, with the goal of determining the quality and efficiency of the stated learning modes. The research was carried out as a quasi-experiment in which we observed, on the smaller sample, the way different learning modes influence the development of intonational abilities and the voice range of the research participants. The subjects in the research, done in academic years 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, were female students of the Faculty of Teacher Education in Zagreb, Department of Petrinja (N=36). They were divided in two experimental and one control group. We determined the singing abilities by testing intonational accuracy, accuracy in repeating melodic patterns and the subjects' voice range. The 15 weeks research has shown that singing abilities develop over a certain period of time, whether the singing is competently led or based on students' intuition (without the teacher). All research groups have shown a certain progress in intonational accuracy and widening the voice range. The research shows that experimental groups, in which the singing was competently led, either individually or in a group, have better results than the control group which didn't have the additional singing treatment. Singing practise improves intonational abilities and leads to widening the voice range.
Sekundarne ključne besede: Glasbena vzgoja;Disertacije;Slovenija;Hrvaška;Glasba;Študij;
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Doktorska disertacija
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Akademija za glasbo, Oddelek za glasbeno pedagogiko
Strani: 306 f.
ID: 12741489