Primerjava raznolikosti vegetativnega razmnoževanja rastlin v dveh habitatnih tipih ekstenzivnih travišč na območju celinske Slovenije

magistrsko delo

Eva Gorjup (Avtor), Sonja Škornik (Mentor)

Povzetek

Klonalna rast rastlin je v številnih biomih zmernega pasu pa tudi vodnih in borealnih habitatih, prevladujoča oblika rasti, saj predstavlja alternativen način razmnoževanja, kjer spolno razmnoževanje ni tako uspešno. Klonalne poteze rastlin sodijo v skupino funkcionalnih potez, ki so kljub pomembni vlogi manj raziskane. Namen naše raziskave je primerjati raznolikost organov klonalne rasti (OKR) in drugih klonalnih potez rastlin v dveh habitatnih tipih ekstenzivnih travišč Slovenije: suhih travišč plitkih tal apnenčastega hribovja s pokončnim stoklascem, Bromopsis erecta (Scabioso hladnikianae-Caricetum humilis) in kislih suhih travišč montanskega pasu s prevladujočim navadnim volkom, Nardus stricta (Homogyno alpinae-Nardetum). Analizirali smo 62 fitocenoloških popisov travišč iz baze Katedre za geobotaniko, Oddelka za biologijo, FNM UM. Za 159 rastlinskih vrst smo iz prosto dostopne spletne baze CLO-PLA3 zbrali podatke oklonalnih potezah (trajnost klonalnih poganjkov, obstojnost primarne korenin, tipi in vloga OKR, cikličnost in obstojnost povezav med poganjki, število poganjkov na matično rastlino, hitrost in dolžina horizontalnega širjenja, prekrivanje generacij, arhitektura poganjka ter tvorba brstov na rastlini). Ugotovili smo, da imata travišči, kljub zelo različni floristični sestavi in pestrosti, zelo podoben spekter OKR.Pomembna je ugotovitev, da se travišči razlikujeta glede pomembnosti vegetativnega razmnoževanja v združbi. Volkovja imajo kar 80 % vrst, za katera so klonalni organi obvezni, kar razlagamo z višjimi nadmorskimi višinami in zato manj ugodnimi razmerami za spolno razmnoževanje. Najpogostejši tip je nadzemna korenika, katere razvoj zahteva nizek vložek hranil in ima visoko stopnjo preživetja. V traviščih s pokončnim stoklascem (imajo pribl. 60 % vrst, za katera so klonalni organi obvezni) je prevladujoč OKR glavna korenina, ki se deli in, ki ima zelo nizek potencial vegetativnega razmnoževanja ter hkrati sposobnost skladiščenja rezervnih snovi in pridobivanja snovi in vode v nižjih plasteh tal. Ker sta oba travnika drugotnega nastanka, ekstenzivna, s podobnimi biotskimi in abiotskimi razmerami smo ugotovili tudi podobnosti v nekaterih klonalnih potezah obeh travišč, npr. povezave med poganjki obstojne več kot dve leti, počasnejše horizontalno širjenje (< 0,01 m/leto), II največ vrst ima brste tik nad tlemi in v tleh do globine 10 cm. Rezultati naše raziskave predstavljajo pomembno novo znanje o vlogi vegetativnega razmnoževanja rastlin na obeh tipih ekstenzivnih travišč na območju Slovenije, ki imajo visoko naravovarstveno vrednost in se prednostno ohranjajo v ugodnem stanju po Direktivi o habitatih.

Ključne besede

magistrska dela;klonalna rast;suha travišča;baza CLO-PLA3;organi klonalne rasti;Natura 2000;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2023
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FNM - Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko
Založnik:	[E. Gorjup]
UDK:	581.5:633.2.03(043.2)
COBISS:	164722179
Št. ogledov:	4
Št. prenosov:	1
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Comparison of vegetative propagation diversity of plants in two habitat types of extensive grassland in continental slovenia
Sekundarni povzetek:	Clonal growth is the dominant form of plant growth in many temperate biomes, as well as in aquatic and boreal habitats, because it provides an alternative form of reproduction when sexual reproduction is not as successful. Clonal plant traits belong to a group of functional traits that are less well-studied, despite their important role. The aim of our study is to compare the diversity of clonal growth organs (CGO) and other clonal plant traits in two habitat types of extensive grassland in Slovenia: dry grasslands on shallow soil on limestone hills, with the upright brome, Bromopsis erecta (Scabioso hladnikianae-Caricetum humilis), and the acidic dry grasslands in the montane level, where matgrass, Nardus stricta (Homogyno alpinae-Nardetum) dominates. We analysed 62 phytocenological releves of grassland plots from the database of the Section of Geobotany, of the Department of Biology, FNM UM. For 159 plant species, we collected data on clonal traits from the open-access online database CLO-PLA3 (duration of clonal shoots, persistence of primary root, types- and role of CGO, cyclicity and persistence of shoot connections, number of shoots per parent plant, speed, and length of horizontal spread, generation overlap, shoot architecture and bud formation on the plant). We found that the two grassland types have a very similar CGO spectrum despite thervery different floristic composition and diversity. An important finding was that the grassland types differed in the importance of vegetative reproduction in the community. Matgrass have 80 % of the species are represented by obligate clonal organs, which is explained by growth at higher elevations and thus less favourable conditions for sexual reproduction. The most common type is the above-ground rhizome, which requires little nutrient supply for its development and has a high survival rate. In the Bromopsis erecta grassland type (where about 60 % of the species with obligate clonal organs occur) the predominant CGO is the main root, which divides and has a very low potential for vegetative reproduction and, at the same, the ability to store reserve materials and obtain IV substances and water in the lower soil layers. Since both meadows are of secondary origin and extensively used, with similar biotic and abiotic conditions, we also found similarities in some clonal characteristics of the two grasslands, e.g., the connections between shoots are stable for more than two years, horizontal spread is slower (< 0,01 m/year), most species have buds just above the ground and in the soil to a depth of 10 cm. The results of our study provide important new knowledge on the role of vegetative plant propagation in both types of extensive grasslands in Slovenia, which have a high conservation value and should be maintained in a favourable condition as a priority according to the Habitats Directive.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	master theses;clonal growth;dry grasslands;CLO-PLA3 database;clonal growth organs;Natura 2000;Travišča;Slovenija;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za naravoslovje in matematiko, Oddelek za biologijo
Strani:	XIII, 48 str.
ID:	19320501