Razlike v hoji predšolskih otrok

Povzetek

Ključne besede

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2012
Izvor:	Ljubljana
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik:	[A. Gorenc]
UDK:	373.2.016:796.421(043.2)
COBISS:	9364297
Št. ogledov:	1070
Št. prenosov:	775
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Different stages of walking in preschool age
Sekundarni povzetek:	The research based on the Delacato theory was aiming to find out the differences in pre-schoolers' way of walking. We researched the development of preschoolers’ walking in terms of direction and patterns. We wanted to define the time frame of walking on the flat terrain, walking upstairs and downstairs. We were also interested in the relation between the age and gender of the children. Lastly, we wanted to examine if there are some differences between different kindergartens. The sample included 58 children, 28 girls and 28 boys. 25 children were taken from the first age group and 29 from the second age group. Kindergartens included in the research were the following: Mokronožci (Mokronog), Galjevica, Unit Orlova (Ljubljana-Rudnik), Šentrupert, Unit Čebelica (Šentrupert), Labod (Novo mesto) and Črenšovci. The results show that walking develops gradually in terms of direction of walking. Children first master walking on flat terrain, then walking upstairs and finally walking downstairs. We relied on the Delacato theory of patterns: i.e. walking develops in three different stages, the first being changing weight from the left to the right leg, the second homolateral and the third cross-pattern walking. By monitoring the quality of walking we were able to define the development of walking in terms of direction of movement. We discovered that children first start walking forwards on flat terrain, then upstairs and finally downstairs. If we want to definethe quality in terms of children’s developmental stage, we have to monitor the use of patterns. We also found out that children do not use cross-pattern walking when walking upstairs and downstairs until they enter second age group. In the first age group children walk in cross pattern only when walking on flat terrain. When they attempt walking upstairs or downstairs they prefer using homolateral pattern or even changing weight from the left to the right leg. The research showed us that girls master cross-pattern walking sooner than boys and furthermore they even transfer from one level to a higher level of walking sooner than boys. We also noticed that there were some differences between kindergartens. All children from kindergartens Orlova, Labod and Čebelica had no difficulties with cross-pattern walking but at the kindergarten Mokronožci we noticed one child who walked homolaterally on the flat terrain. There were some differences in walking upstairs and downstairs as well. These differences can be ascribed to different levels of exercise activities, knowledge and experience of babysitters and stimulative environment, which all enhance children’s progress.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	motor development;pre-school child;gibalni razvoj;predšolski otrok;
Vrsta datoteke:	application/pdf
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. Ljubljana, Pedagoška fak., Predšolska vzgoja
Strani:	47 str.
Vrsta dela (ePrints):	thesis
Naslov (ePrints):	Different stages of walking in preschool age
Ključne besede (ePrints):	predšolski otroci
Ključne besede (ePrints, sekundarni jezik):	pre-schoolers
Povzetek (ePrints):	Z raziskavo, ki temelji na Delacatovi teoriji, smo želeli ugotoviti, kakšne razlike se pojavijo v hoji predšolskih otrok. Raziskovali smo razvoj hoje predšolskih otrok glede na smer in stranskost gibanja. Ugotavljali smo, ali predšolski otroci najprej hodijo po ravnem, nato po stopnicah navzgor in nazadnje po stopnicah navzdol. Zanimale so nas razlike v hoji glede na starost gibanja ter glede na spol. Ugotavljali smo tudi, kakšne razlike v hoji se pojavijo med izbranimi vrtci. V vzorec je bilo vključeno 58 otrok, od tega 28 deklic in 28 dečkov. Zajeli smo 25 otrok prvega starostnega obdobja in 29 otrok drugega starostnega obdobja. V raziskavo so bili vključeni otroci iz vrtcev: Mokronožci (Mokronog), Galjevica, enota Orlova (Ljubljana Rudnik), Šentrupert, enota Čebelica (Šentrupert), Labod (Novo mesto) in Črenšovci. Rezultati so pokazali, da razvoj hoje glede na smer gibanja poteka postopoma, in sicer otroci najprej hodijo po ravnem naprej, nato po stopnicah navzgor in nazadnje navzdol. Teorijo smo oprli na razvojno pogojeno Delcatovo teorijo stranskosti razvoja hoje, kjer se kvaliteta kaže v razvoju hoje skozi tri stopnje, in sicer s pristopanjem z leve na desno nogo, nato enostransko in na koncu križno. Z opazovanjem kvalitete hoje smo torej ugotovili razvoj hoje glede na smer gibanja po prostoru. Ugotovili smo, da otroci najprej hodijo po ravnem naprej, nato po stopnicah gor in nazadnje dol. Kvaliteta njihove hoje v različnih, razvojno pogojenih smereh, pa je torej razvidna iz stranskosti telesa. Ugotovili smo še, da se križna hoja po stopnicah navzgor in navzdol pojavi v drugem starostnem obdobju. V prvem starostnem obdobju večina otrok hodi križno samo po ravnem. Hoja po stopnicah navzgor ali navzdol se pojavi na nižji stopnji, in sicer kot enostransko gibanje ali celo s pristopanjem. Raziskava je pokazala, da deklice prej hodijo križno kot dečki. Poleg tega tudi bistveno hitreje dosežejo višjo stopnjo. Pojavile so se tudi razlike v hoji otrok glede na posamezni vrtec. V vrtcih Orlova, Labod in Čebelica so vsi otroci hodili križno, medtem ko je bil v vrtcu Mokronožci opažen otrok, ki je po ravnem hodil enostransko. Tudi v hoji po stopnicah navzgor in navzdol so se pojavile razlike med vrtci. Razlike med vrtci smo povezali s kakovostjo ponujenih gibalnih dejavnosti, ozaveščenem vzgojiteljev in spodbudnim okoljem, ki otrokom nudijo hitrejši napredek.
Povzetek (ePrints, sekundarni jezik):	The research based on the Delacato theory was aiming to find out the differences in pre-schoolers' way of walking. We researched the development of preschoolers’ walking in terms of direction and patterns. We wanted to define the time frame of walking on the flat terrain, walking upstairs and downstairs. We were also interested in the relation between the age and gender of the children. Lastly, we wanted to examine if there are some differences between different kindergartens. The sample included 58 children, 28 girls and 28 boys. 25 children were taken from the first age group and 29 from the second age group. Kindergartens included in the research were the following: Mokronožci (Mokronog), Galjevica, Unit Orlova (Ljubljana-Rudnik), Šentrupert, Unit Čebelica (Šentrupert), Labod (Novo mesto) and Črenšovci. The results show that walking develops gradually in terms of direction of walking. Children first master walking on flat terrain, then walking upstairs and finally walking downstairs. We relied on the Delacato theory of patterns: i.e. walking develops in three different stages, the first being changing weight from the left to the right leg, the second homolateral and the third cross-pattern walking. By monitoring the quality of walking we were able to define the development of walking in terms of direction of movement. We discovered that children first start walking forwards on flat terrain, then upstairs and finally downstairs. If we want to definethe quality in terms of children’s developmental stage, we have to monitor the use of patterns. We also found out that children do not use cross-pattern walking when walking upstairs and downstairs until they enter second age group. In the first age group children walk in cross pattern only when walking on flat terrain. When they attempt walking upstairs or downstairs they prefer using homolateral pattern or even changing weight from the left to the right leg. The research showed us that girls master cross-pattern walking sooner than boys and furthermore they even transfer from one level to a higher level of walking sooner than boys. We also noticed that there were some differences between kindergartens. All children from kindergartens Orlova, Labod and Čebelica had no difficulties with cross-pattern walking but at the kindergarten Mokronožci we noticed one child who walked homolaterally on the flat terrain. There were some differences in walking upstairs and downstairs as well. These differences can be ascribed to different levels of exercise activities, knowledge and experience of babysitters and stimulative environment, which all enhance children’s progress.
Ključne besede (ePrints, sekundarni jezik):	pre-schoolers
ID:	8310701