Anatomske in funkcionalne posebnosti orofacialnega področja pri otrocih z motnjami v duševnem razvoju

Povzetek

Ključne besede

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2013
Izvor:	Ljubljana
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik:	[A. Bolarič]
UDK:	376.1-056.264(043.2)
COBISS:	9715017
Št. ogledov:	857
Št. prenosov:	183
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Anatomical and functional specifics of the orofacial area in children with mental disorders
Sekundarni povzetek:	After studying scholarly literature, we provide in this graduation thesis a detailed insight into the anatomy of the orofacial area and possible specifics among children with mental disorders, especially those with chromosomal malformations, such as Prader-Willi syndrome or Down syndrome. We also presented the role of a speech therapist in treatment of children with mental disorders who have a specific anatomy of the orofacial area, and describe a series of speech therapeutic exercises that can be carried out during the orofacial treatment and articulation therapy. Our research included a medium-sized sample of 54 children aged from 6 to 15 years. The children come from different educational institutions – Roje Primary School in Domžale, dr. Slavko Grum Primary School in Zagorje ob Savi, Special Education Centre Janez Levec (primary school unit located on Levstikov trg in Ljubljana). The children were categorised into groups of mild, moderate, severe and profound mental disorders. In addition, 10 children with Down syndrome were included. Data was collected through our own questionnaire containing questions about the child’s specifics which was handed to the parents along with a letter and an agreement. An orofacial examination was performed using methods specified in scholarly literature. After all the agreements were signed, orofacial area and articulation examinations were executed. The results based on our sample of children with mental disorders showed prevalence of at least one or more anatomical and functional specifics in the orofacial area in 36 cases. We established that the most common anatomical and functional specifics in the examined children were the following: limited soft palate mobility, mouth openness, limited nasal passage, velopharyngeal insufficiency, abnormally highly arched palate, incisal edge, and a too short sublingual bond. The observation of anatomical and functional specifics of the orofacial area did not indicate any correlations with the level of mental retardation. The empirical part of the thesis contains observations of anatomical and functional specifics of the orofacial area in children with mental disorders, observations of the occurrence of those specifics, and findings about the rate of mental development and its connection to orofacial specifics. The most frequent characteristic is limited soft palate mobility, which was present in 21 cases. Our study clearly shows that all children with Down syndrome have at least one of the anatomical or functional specifics of the orofacial area – these are not as common among children without Down syndrome. However, we did not confirm a statistically important difference in nasal resonance between the two groups. Moreover, we did not confirm the connection between mouth breathing and limited nasal passage, mouth openness and hyponasality. Articulation disorders were more frequent among children with Down syndrome. The research showed that 44 of the children involved attended speech therapies. As for speech therapies, there was no significant difference between children with or without Down syndrome, which indicates that speech therapy is equally available to all categories of mental disorders. We also found out that articulation difficulties occur more often to children with sucking, chewing and swallowing problems. Our research could not determine that the development of sucking, chewing and swallowing varies according to the level of mental retardation. The results showed that there are statistically important differences in motor skills of the articulation apparatus with regard to mental retardation; by means of these outcomes we assume that more severe the mental retardation, the weaker the skills of the articulation apparatus. The thesis includes a comparison of anamnestic data obtained through the questionnaire for parents, the attributes observed during orofacial examinations, and articulation disorders among different groups of mental disorders.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	backward child;mental handicap;anatomy;otrok s posebnimi potrebami;motnje v duševnem razvoju;anatomija;
Vrsta datoteke:	application/pdf
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. Ljubljana, Pedagoška fak., Specialna in rehabilitacijska pedagogika
Strani:	XI, 100 str.
Vrsta dela (ePrints):	thesis
Naslov (ePrints):	Anatomical and functional specifics of the orofacial area in children with mental disorders
Ključne besede (ePrints):	anatomske posebnosti orofacialnega področja
Ključne besede (ePrints, sekundarni jezik):	anatomical specifics of the orofacial area
Povzetek (ePrints):	V diplomskem delu smo na podlagi študija strokovne literature predstavili podrobnejši vpogled v to, kakšna je zgradba orofacialnega področja in kakšne posebnosti se v tem področju lahko pojavijo pri otrocih, ki imajo motnje v duševnem razvoju, posebej pa tudi pri otrocih s kromosomsko okvaro, kot sta Prader-Willijev sindrom ali Downov sindrom. Obenem smo predstavili vlogo logopeda pri obravnavi otrok z motnjami v duševnem razvoju, ki imajo posebnosti v zgradbi orofacialnega področja, in vrsto logopedskih vaj, ki jih lahko izvajamo v sklopu orofacialne obravnave in korekcije izreke. V raziskavo smo vključili srednje velik vzorec 54 otrok s posebnostmi v duševnem razvoju med starostjo 6 in 15 let. Otroke smo pridobili iz različnih institucij; iz Osnovne šole Roje v Domžalah, iz Osnovne šole dr. Slavka Gruma v Zagorju ob Savi, iz Zavoda za usposabljanje Janeza Levca – in sicer iz Osnovne šole s prilagojenim programom Levstikov trg v Ljubljani. V raziskavo vključeni otroci so opredeljeni kot otroci z lažjo, zmerno, težjo ali težko motnjo v duševnem razvoju. Posebej pa smo vključili tudi 10 otrok z Downovim sindromom. Za zbiranje podatkov smo sestavili vprašalnik v zvezi z otrokovim govornim razvojem in posebnostmi ter ga skupaj z dopisom in soglasjem izročili staršem. S pomočjo študija strokovne literature smo sestavili logopedski pregled orofacialnega področja. Po pridobljenih soglasjih smo otrokom pregledali orofacialno področje in jim ocenili artikulacijo. Rezultati na podlagi našega vzorca otrok z motnjami v duševnem razvoju so pokazali pogostost pojavljanja vsaj ene ali več anatomskih in funkcionalnih posebnosti v orofacialnem področju v 36 primerih. Ugotovili smo, da so najpogostejše anatomske in funkcionalne posebnosti v preiskovani populaciji naslednje: slabša gibljivost mehkega neba, odprtost ust, slabša prehodnost nosu, moteno delovanje velofaringealne zapore, visoko obokano nebo, incizalni previs in prekratka podjezična vez. Nismo ugotovili statistično pomembne povezave med prisotnostjo anatomskih in funkcionalnih posebnosti v orofacialnem področju in stopnjo zaostanka. Pri 21 otrocih se pojavi slabša gibljivost mehkega neba, ki je v vzorcu najbolj pogosta. Iz našega vzorca je razvidno, da imajo prav vsi otroci z Downovim sindromom vsaj eno izmed anatomskih ali funkcionalnih posebnosti orofacialnega področja, kar je več kot pri otrocih brez Downovega sindroma, a med skupinama statistično pomembne razlike v nosni resonanci nismo potrdili. Prav tako nismo potrdili povezanosti dihanja na usta s slabšo prehodnostjo nosu, s prisotnostjo odprtih ust in zaprtim nosljanjem pri skupini otrok z Downovim sindromom. Težave v artikulaciji so bile pogosteje zastopane pri otrocih z Downovim sindromom. Raziskava je pokazala, da je logopeda obiskovalo oziroma ga obiskuje 44 v raziskavo vključenih otrok. Med skupino otrok brez Downovega sindroma in skupino z Downovim sindromom ni bilo pomembne razlike glede logopedske obravnave, kar kaže na to, da je poskrbljeno za govorni razvoj vseh otrok z motnjami v duševnem razvoju. Ugotovili smo tudi, da se artikulacijske motnje pogosteje pojavljajo pri otrocih, ki so imeli težave s sesanjem, žvečenjem in požiranjem. Nismo pa ugotovili statistično pomembne razlike v razvoju sesanja, žvečenja, požiranja glede na stopnjo zaostanka v duševnem razvoju. Rezultati so pokazali, da obstajajo statistično pomembne razlike v motoričnih sposobnostih artikulacijskega aparata glede na zaostanek v duševnem razvoju, zaradi česar predvidevamo, da večji kot je zaostanek v duševnem razvoju, slabše so motorične sposobnosti artikulacijskega aparata. Prikazali smo tudi primerjavo posameznih anamnestičnih podatkov iz vprašalnika za starše, atributov orofacialnega pregleda in težav v artikulaciji med skupinami motenj.
Povzetek (ePrints, sekundarni jezik):	After studying scholarly literature, we provide in this graduation thesis a detailed insight into the anatomy of the orofacial area and possible specifics among children with mental disorders, especially those with chromosomal malformations, such as Prader-Willi syndrome or Down syndrome. We also presented the role of a speech therapist in treatment of children with mental disorders who have a specific anatomy of the orofacial area, and describe a series of speech therapeutic exercises that can be carried out during the orofacial treatment and articulation therapy. Our research included a medium-sized sample of 54 children aged from 6 to 15 years. The children come from different educational institutions – Roje Primary School in Domžale, dr. Slavko Grum Primary School in Zagorje ob Savi, Special Education Centre Janez Levec (primary school unit located on Levstikov trg in Ljubljana). The children were categorised into groups of mild, moderate, severe and profound mental disorders. In addition, 10 children with Down syndrome were included. Data was collected through our own questionnaire containing questions about the child’s specifics which was handed to the parents along with a letter and an agreement. An orofacial examination was performed using methods specified in scholarly literature. After all the agreements were signed, orofacial area and articulation examinations were executed. The results based on our sample of children with mental disorders showed prevalence of at least one or more anatomical and functional specifics in the orofacial area in 36 cases. We established that the most common anatomical and functional specifics in the examined children were the following: limited soft palate mobility, mouth openness, limited nasal passage, velopharyngeal insufficiency, abnormally highly arched palate, incisal edge, and a too short sublingual bond. The observation of anatomical and functional specifics of the orofacial area did not indicate any correlations with the level of mental retardation. The empirical part of the thesis contains observations of anatomical and functional specifics of the orofacial area in children with mental disorders, observations of the occurrence of those specifics, and findings about the rate of mental development and its connection to orofacial specifics. The most frequent characteristic is limited soft palate mobility, which was present in 21 cases. Our study clearly shows that all children with Down syndrome have at least one of the anatomical or functional specifics of the orofacial area – these are not as common among children without Down syndrome. However, we did not confirm a statistically important difference in nasal resonance between the two groups. Moreover, we did not confirm the connection between mouth breathing and limited nasal passage, mouth openness and hyponasality. Articulation disorders were more frequent among children with Down syndrome. The research showed that 44 of the children involved attended speech therapies. As for speech therapies, there was no significant difference between children with or without Down syndrome, which indicates that speech therapy is equally available to all categories of mental disorders. We also found out that articulation difficulties occur more often to children with sucking, chewing and swallowing problems. Our research could not determine that the development of sucking, chewing and swallowing varies according to the level of mental retardation. The results showed that there are statistically important differences in motor skills of the articulation apparatus with regard to mental retardation; by means of these outcomes we assume that more severe the mental retardation, the weaker the skills of the articulation apparatus. The thesis includes a comparison of anamnestic data obtained through the questionnaire for parents, the attributes observed during orofacial examinations, and articulation disorders among different groups of mental disorders.
Ključne besede (ePrints, sekundarni jezik):	anatomical specifics of the orofacial area
ID:	8311614