diplomsko delo
Mateja Potočnik (Avtor), Borut Holcman (Mentor)

Povzetek

V diplomskem delu smo se ukvarjali z dednim pravom, ki je za plemstvo veljalo na Štajerskem v srednjem veku. Pri plemstvu v srednjem veku smo si ogledali i) običajno pravo, ki je urejalo dedovanje, ii) skope (zapisane) pravne norme ter iii) izbrano listinsko gradivo. Kot metodo dela smo uporabili pravnozgodovinsko primerjalno metodo s študijem domače strokovne literature. Raziskava je pretežno temeljila na arhivskem gradivu. Z metodo analize in sinteze smo preučevali listine in iz primerov oblikovali ustrezne zaključke o razvoju dednega prava na ozemlju Štajerske. Ugotovili smo, da so izhodišče za razvoj prava na določenem področju družbene in pravne prvine, ki preidejo v pravni red ali nanj delujejo, ko se ta prvič oblikuje. To oblikovanje pravnega reda se na Slovenskem ujema z nastajanjem fevdalne družbe. Spoznali smo, da za srednji vek zapisanega in uzakonjenega oziroma postavljenega prava praktično ni. V obdobju srednjega veka so tudi na področju dednega prava plemstva namreč razmerja urejala običajnopravna pravila deželnega prava in privilegiji, ki so jih izdajali vladarji plemstvu. Za vsak družbeni stan, tako tudi za plemstvo, je veljalo posebno pravo. Ob preučevanju dednega prava plemstva smo zasledili močno povezavo z nastankom dežel v srednjem veku. Vpliv dediščinskih delitev na povečevanje in zmanjševanje posesti je bilo običajno pri vseh plemiških družinah ter je vplivalo na oblikovanje dežel v srednjem veku. Le-to pa je ustvarilo pravno podlago za nadaljnji razvoj ustave in prava. K temu je svoj prispevek dalo tudi pravo privilegijev. Plemstvo je namreč od vladarjev terjalo izdajo privilegijev, ki so v obliki deželnih ročinov med drugim zbir svoboščin plemstva ter tako vir naše ustavne ureditve. Pravila in načela dedovanja iz staroslovenske družbe in srednjega veka so zametki kasneje nastalih pravnih pravil v obliki zakona, ki določajo red dedovanja, osebe upravičene dedovati po zapustniku ter vsa natančnejša določila povezana z dedovanjem. Na ta način je nastalo dedovanje po zakonu, ki je dajalo prednost najbližjemu krvnemu sorodniku. Posebna pravila so veljala za dedovanje fevdov, kar je bilo pomembno za plemstvo. Na osnovi preučevanja literature smo spoznali, da v najstarejši družbi in v prvi polovici srednjega veka zapustnikova oporočna svoboda še ni bila priznana. Šele pod vplivom krščanstva se je po darovanjih cerkvi za dušni blagor pričela postopoma razvijati tudi oporočna svoboda. Iz določb privilegijev za plemstvo je izhajalo, da je v obdobju izdaje privilegijev oporoka že bila primaren delacijski razlog. Plemstvo je imelo tudi glede dedovanja poseben položaj zaradi same narave fevdnih odnosov in skrbi za zaščito moči plemiške rodbine, zato je vpliv procesa recepcije rimskega prava na pravila dedovanja sprva manjši kot na drugih pravnih področjih. Temelj ureditve dedne sistematike in oporočnega zapuščanja pri plemstvu je bilo preprečiti odtekanje premoženja iz rodbine. Zato sta v srednjem veku glede dedovanja rodbinskega nasledstva (očevina) veljali načelo primogeniture in načelo nedeljivosti. Oporočno razpolaganje s tem premoženjem ni bilo prosto. Sistematiko zapuščanja in dedovanja v srednjem veku smo osvetlili z analizo prepisov ohranjenih listin. Potrdili smo, da izsledki za ozemlje Slovenije veljajo tudi za Štajersko. Gre za maloštevilne plemiške zapuščinske zapise, ki so specifični kot je specifično obdobje, v katerem so bili zapisani. Dedno pravo v srednjem veku usodo podedovanega premoženja pogosto ureja v kakršnihkoli prenosih, ne le v odnosu zapustnik-dedič. Namen zapisov je bil razdelitev premoženja, zato so sklepali tudi pravne posle med živimi. Različni pravni posli so imeli obliko izražene poslednje volje. Darovnice so bile zelo preproste in omejene na posamezne prejemnike, predvsem na cerkvene glede volil za dušni mir.

Ključne besede

pravna zgodovina;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik: [M. Potočnik]
UDK: 347.65/.68(091)(043.2)
COBISS: 5301035 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 1580
Št. prenosov: 132
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
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Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: INHERITANCE LAW OF ARISTOCRACY IN STYRIA - THE MIDDLE AGES
Sekundarni povzetek: In the diploma thesis we examined inheritance law, which was conventional for nobility in Styria during the Middle Ages. For the nobility we analysed i) customary law, which was arranging the inheritance, ii) sparing records of the norms of the law, and iii) some old documents. Methodology was law historical comparison method with the study of local professional literature. The research was based on documentary evidence from the archive. With the analysis and synthesis method we were studying the old documents and from the specific cases we formed proper conclusions about the development of the inheritance law in Styria. We observed basis for the development of the law in the specific field are social and juridical elements, which form or influence judicial rules. These are strongly correlated with the period of developing the feudal system in the area of today’s Slovenia. We noticed, that the law documentary evidence for the nobility is very sparse. During the middle ages the inheritance law was arranged by the customary law rules of the land law and privileges, the last ones were given to the nobility by the rulers. There was a special law for every social class and also for the nobility. During the examination of the nobility inheritance law we noticed strong correlation with the formation of the medieval lands. The impact of the heritage allotment on the area of properties was usual for the noble families and it also affected the land formation during the middle ages. It made juridical basis for the further development of the constitution and the law. Very important for this was also the law of the privileges. Nobility required the privileges from the rulers, which came in the form of land manifests (German: Handfest, Latin: manifestum) to the liberties of the nobility and are so the source of our constitutional arrangement. The rules and the principles of the inheritance form the old Slavic society and the Middle Ages are the base for further inheritance law, which arranges legitimate heirs and all statutory provisions. This led to the inheritance law, which gave priority to the nearest relative. Important for the nobility were special rules, applied for inheriting the fiefs. During the observation of the literature we concluded, the testamentary freedom in the old society and in the first half of the Middle Ages was not evident. It gradually developed under the influence of Christianity, after donations to the Church for one’s soul. From the privilege provisions for nobility it is clear that during the period of issue of privileges testament has already been the primary law title for inheritance. Nobility also had special inheritance status because of the feudal relationships and protecting the power of noble families. Because of this, the impact of the Roman law reception on the inheritance rules was minor comparing to the other law fields. The base of the inheritance system and the testaments within the nobility was to prevent wealth outflow from the family. Typical for the heirship and inheritance law were primogeniture and the indivisibility principle. The disposal with the inheritance was not freely. We highlighted the systematics of bequeathing and heiring in the Middle Ages with the analysis of the old documents reproductions. With infrequent and sparse, but specific and important inheritance documents we confirmed, that the results of the research for the Slovenian land also apply to the Styria. The inheritance law in the Middle Ages arranges assets not only the relationship between the bequeather and the heir but also other transfers. The purpose of the old documents was to divide the inheritance, because of this some transactions were also negotiated inter vivos (during the life of the bequeather). Different transactions had the form of the last will. Deed of donations were very simple and were limited to certain recipients, especially to church in bequests for one’s soul.
Sekundarne ključne besede: inheritance law;nobility;Styria;Middle Ages;customary law;testament;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani: VI, 60 f.
ID: 9171216