diplomsko delo
Povzetek
Hipoteka je zastavna pravica na nepremičninah, ki služi zavarovanju ene ali več natančno določenih terjatev in s tem zastavnega upnika pooblašča, da se v primeru, da mu terjatev ne bo pravočasno izpolnjena, poplača iz vrednosti zastavljene nepremičnine. Je neposestna zastavna pravica, kar pomeni, da zastavitelj ohrani posest obremenjene nepremičnine in jo lahko še naprej nemoteno uporablja.
V zvezi z nastankom razlikujemo med pogodbeno hipoteko, ki nastane na podlagi pravnega posla, prisilno hipoteko, ki nastane na podlagi sodne odločbe in zakonito hipoteko, ki nastane na podlagi zakona. Poleg tega, pa poznamo tudi posebne vrste hipotek: nadhipoteka, maksimalna hipoteka, skupna hipoteka in zastavna pravica na nevpisanih nepremičninah.
Hipoteka je knjižna stvarna pravica, tako da zemljiška knjiga zagotavlja najvišjo možno mero publicitete. Pogoj za njen nastanek je namreč vpis v zemljiško knjigo, ki ima konstitutiven učinek. Izjema velja za zakonito hipoteko, ki nastane v trenutku, ko so izpolnjeni zakonski pogoji, brez vpisa v zemljiško knjigo.
Ista nepremičnina je lahko obremenjena z več hipotekami. V takšnem primeru je potrebno upoštevati vrstni red njihove ustanovitve, saj se hipotekarni upniki poplačajo drug za drugim, v enakem vrstnem redu, kot so pridobili hipoteko.
V primeru, da s hipoteko zavarovana terjatev ob zapadlosti ni plačana, ima hipotekarni upnik pravico do poplačila iz hipoteke. V kolikor je bila ustanovljena navadna hipoteka, mora hipotekarni upnik najprej pridobiti izvršilni naslov. Pridobi ga tako, da vloži hipotekarno tožbo, s katero zahteva, da se zastavljena nepremičnina proda. Če je bila ustanovljena neposredno izvršljiva hipoteka, hipotekarni upnik že ima izvršilni naslov in lahko vloži izvršilni predlog neposredno na sodišče.
Glede prenehanja hipoteke je potrebno razlikovati med prenehanjem v materialnem smislu in njenim prenehanjem v formalnem smislu. Materialno prenehanje nastopi, če so izpolnjeni pogoji za njen izbris iz zemljiške knjige. Takšna hipoteka je še vedno vpisana v zemljiško knjigo, vendar obstaja zgolj formalno, tako da je hipotekarni upnik ali zastavitelj ne more več uporabiti za zavarovanje drugih terjatev. V formalnem smislu pa hipoteka preneha samo z izbrisom iz zemljiške knjige.
Ključne besede
hipoteka;hipotekarni upnik;neposestna zastavna pravica;knjižna pravica;pogodbena hipoteka;prisilna hipoteka;zakonita hipoteka;diplomska dela;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2018 |
Tipologija: |
2.11 - Diplomsko delo |
Organizacija: |
UM PF - Pravna fakulteta |
Založnik: |
[M. Cigut] |
UDK: |
347.27(043.3) |
COBISS: |
5639723
|
Št. ogledov: |
1050 |
Št. prenosov: |
186 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
|
Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni naslov: |
Regulation of mortgage in slovenian law |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
Mortgage is a lien on immovable property, which serves as the insurance of one or more precisely determined claims, thereby authorizing the pledge creditor to repay from the value of the pledged property if his claim is not met in due time.
It is a non-possessory lien, which means that the pledgor preserves the possession of the burdensome property and can continue to use it uninterruptedly.
As regards the creation, we distinguish between a contractual mortgage arising from a legal transaction, a forced mortgage that arises on the basis of a court decision and a lawful mortgage arising from the law. We also know special types of mortgages such as sub-mortgage, maximum mortgage, joint mortgage and pledge on unwritten real estate.
Mortgage is a bookkeeping real right, so the land register provides the highest possible publicity. The condition for its creation is the registration in the land register, which has a constitutive effect. The exemption applies to a legal mortgage that arises at the moment when the legal conditions are met, without registering in the land register.
The same real estate can be loaded with several mortgages. In such a case, the order of their creation must be taken into account, as mortgage creditors pay off one after the other, in the same order as they obtained a mortgage.
If a mortgage receivable is not paid as it should be, the mortgagee is entitled to repayment from the mortgage. If a normal mortgage has been established, the mortgage creditor must first obtain an enforcement address. He can receive it by placing a mortgage claim requiring the pledged real estate to be sold. If a directly enforceable mortgage has been established, the mortgage creditor already has an enforcement address and may submit an enforcement proposal directly to the court.
Concerning the cessation of the mortgage, it is necessary to distinguish between termination in the material sense and its termination in the formal sense. Material termination occurs if the conditions for its deletion from the land register are fulfilled. Such a mortgage is still entered in the land register, but it exists only formally, so that the mortgage creditor or pledger can no longer be used to insure other receivables. In the formal sense, the mortgage ceases only with the erasure from the land register. |
Sekundarne ključne besede: |
mortgage;mortgage creditor;book right;contractual mortgage;forced mortgage;legal mortgage; |
URN: |
URN:SI:UM: |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Diplomsko delo/naloga |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak. |
Strani: |
54 f. |
ID: |
10955789 |